Hematuria (haematuria; Greek haimatos, haima - blood + Greek uron - urine; synonym: true hematuria) - the presence of erythrocytes or blood in the urine.
Types of hematuria:
Initial (initialis; Latin initialis - initial, referring to the beginning; synonym: initial hematuria) - determined only in the first portion of urine; noted with a tumor, injury or inflammation of the urethra;
Macroscopic (macroscopica; synonym: macrohematuria) - the presence of blood in the urine, visible to the naked eye;
Renal (renalis) - most often total, caused by kidney damage;
Familial benign (familiaris benigna; synonym: hematuria familial hereditary) - noted as the only clinical symptom of hereditary nephritis;
Terminal (terminalis; Latin terminalis - final; synonym: final hematuria) - detected only in the last portion of urine (at the end of the act of urination); is noted against the background of diseases of the bladder neck;
Total (totalis) - determined during the entire act of urination; observed in diseases of the urinary system located above the urethra.
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Automatism (Greek automates spontaneous, self-acting) - the ability of individual cells, tissues or organs to rhythmic activity in the absence of obvious connections with external stimuli
Adaptation (lat.adaptatio - adaptation) - the process of adaptation of an organism, population or other biological system to changing conditions of existence (functioning)
Adenoma (adenoma; Greek aden - iron + Greek ōma - ending in the name of tumors) is a benign tumor arising from the glandular epithelium and retaining structural similarity with the original tissue
Adrenergic receptors (lat.adrenalis - adrenal; lat.ad- - at + ren - kidney + receptor - receiving; synonym: adrenergic receptors, adrenoreactive structures, adrenoreactive systems) - biochemical structures of cells that interact with adrenergic mediators (dopamine, adrenaline, noradrenaline ) and convert the energy of this interaction into the energy of a specific effect (muscle contraction, nerve impulse)
Acrodermatitis (acrodermatitis; Greek akros - the most distant, extreme, high + derma (dermatos) - skin + Latin it (word-form suffix) - inflammatory process) - the general name of a group of dermatoses with an exclusive or predominant lesion of the distal extremities
