Aortitis
Aortitis (aortitis; Greek aeiro - to lift + Latin it (word-form suffix) - inflammatory process) is an inflammatory process of the walls of the aorta, manifested by aortalgia, enlargement of the aorta, and with a productive inflammatory process in the places where large arteries leave the aorta - symptoms of ischemia of the corresponding areas.
The following types of aortitis are distinguished:
- Allergic (allergica) - aseptic aortitis of autoimmune genesis; observed, for example, with collagenoses;
- Athero-ulcer (atheroulcerosa) - caused by infection of atherosclerotic ulcers;
- Giant cell (gigantocellularis; synonym: necrosis of the middle aortic membrane idiopathic) - aortitis in giant cell arteritis; characterized by the development of foci of necrosis in the middle membrane, its infiltration with lymphoid, giant and plasma cells, followed by the development of calcification (fibrosis) of the wall and the formation of an aneurysm;
- Purulent (purulenta) - characterized by the development of microaneurysms and the formation of multiple abscesses in the wall of the aorta, with breakthroughs of which microembolisms of the vessels of the systemic circulation are observed;
- Infectious (infectiosa) - aortitis of viral or bacterial genesis, arising from hematogenous drift of infectious agents into the aortic wall, or the spread of the inflammatory process caused by them from neighboring organs;
- Rheumatic (rheumatica) - aortitis in rheumatism, occurring with damage to the middle and inner lining of the aorta; characterized by the development of focal fibrosis against the background of current specific inflammation; combined, as a rule, with heart defects;
- Syphilitic (syphilitica; synonym: Dele-Geller's disease) - chronic aortitis in visceral syphilis, affecting all membranes of the aorta, starting with the outer; characterized by productive inflammation with the formation of lymphocytic infiltrates, in some cases - miliary gum;
- Tuberculous (tuberculosa) - chronic aortitis associated with the spread of the tuberculous process to the aortic wall from a nearby focus (characterized by the development of a specific infiltrate), or hematogenous drift of tuberculosis infection into the aortic wall from a distant focus (characterized by the development of peri- and mesaortitis);
- Embolic (embolica) - aortitis that occurs against the background of bacterial embolism of the vessels of the aortic wall.
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