Diet table 4
Therapeutic diet 4 (table 4) is prescribed for colitis in acute and chronic form, enterocolitis, in the initial stage of acute gastroenterocolitis, as well as for dysentery, typhoid fever and intestinal tuberculosis. The diet helps to reduce fermentation and putrefaction processes in the intestine, stop the inflammatory process and restore the disturbed functions of the digestive tract, as well as transfer its work to a more gentle mode. Diet 4 is prescribed by doctors in order to reduce the amount of fat and carbohydrates in the patient's diet. The diet is designed so as to ensure the supply of food that will not cause thermal or mechanical irritation of the digestive system, and will not increase the secretion of bile. With diet 4, food is boiled or steamed. To make food easier to digest and digest faster, it is ground or mashed.
The energy value of the food ration at table 4 should be about 8583 kJ (no more than 2050 kcal). Of these, fats should be no more than 70 grams (50 g of butter), proteins - 100 grams (about 70% of animal proteins), carbohydrates - 250 grams (40-50 g of sugar). Sodium chloride should be no more than 8-10 grams in the diet, and no less than 1.5 liters of free liquid. It is very important to stay in bed during the diet. Food on diet 4 should be taken warm up to five to six times a day.
Excluded and Recommended Foods on Diet 4 (Table 4)
With diet 4, the use of thinly sliced and not toasted bread crumbs from two hundred grams of wheat bread, non-nutritious cookies is allowed. Fresh and rye bread, pastry products, pancakes, pancakes are prohibited.
It is allowed to use boiled noodles, rice, semolina, oatmeal, pureed buckwheat porridge, cooked in skim broth or in water, as well as in the form of steam puddings. You cannot eat pearl barley, barley porridge, legumes, pasta casseroles during diet 4.
The use of lean varieties of veal, beef, rabbit meat, turkeys, chickens is allowed. The meat is pre-defatted, tendons and fascia are removed. Meat is used to prepare meatballs, dumplings, cutlets boiled in water or steam. Instead of bread, boiled rice is added to the minced meat for cutlets, and then it is passed through a fine grate of a meat grinder three to four times. Souffle is prepared from boiled meat. During diet 4 (table 4), it is prohibited to use fatty types and varieties of meat, fried and stewed meat in pieces, smoked meats, sausages in the preparation of dishes.
Soups with diet 4 are cooked in low fat-free fish or meat broth with rice or semolina, mashed or boiled meat, meatballs and steamed dumplings, egg flakes. You can not use milk soups with this diet, as well as soups with fatty and strong broths with vegetables, pasta.
The diet 4 menu may include dishes from low-fat types of fish (in the form of dumplings, meatballs, cutlets). Fish dishes can be boiled in water or steamed. You can't eat salted fish, fatty fish, canned food, caviar. It is allowed to eat one or two eggs daily. Eggs can be boiled soft-boiled, cooked into a steam omelet, and added to various dishes.
A small piece of butter (5 g) can be added to ready-made dishes. You must not use culinary and animal fats for cooking.
It is forbidden to include dairy products in the diet table 4. You can use only freshly made pureed unleavened or calcined cottage cheese.
You cannot eat berries and fruits in their natural form with a therapeutic diet 4, as well as compotes, dried fruits, jam, honey and other sweets. From dogwood, blueberry, quince, pear, bird cherry, you can make jelly and jelly. Sugar can be added to dishes in limited quantities (no more than 50 grams per day). Vegetables can only be consumed in the form of decoctions added to soups. Snacks, spices and sauces are excluded from the diet.
It is allowed to drink tea, cocoa in water, coffee, juices of non-acidic fruits and berries, diluted with water. The use of decoctions of dried blueberries, dogwood, rose hips, quince, black currant is allowed. You can't drink cocoa and coffee with milk, cold and carbonated drinks, grape juice, kvass.
Sample diet menu 4
The diet 4 menu might look like this:
- first breakfast: oatmeal, boiled in water, freshly mashed cottage cheese, tea with one teaspoon of sugar;
- second breakfast: applesauce;
- lunch: meat broth with rice groats, steamed meatballs, semolina porridge, jelly.
- afternoon snack: unsweetened black currant broth;
- dinner: steam omelet, buckwheat porridge, boiled in water (mashed), tea.
- jelly before bedtime.
General characteristics of the therapeutic diet 4b
Therapeutic diet 4b is prescribed for exacerbation of chronic intestinal diseases, as well as for acute intestinal diseases at the stage of improvement. Diet 4b helps to reduce inflammation and normalize the digestive system. With this type of diet, foods are prohibited that exacerbate fermentation and putrefaction in the intestinal region, irritate the liver and sharply stimulate the secretion of the pancreas and stomach. Diet 4b involves five or six meals a day. The energy value of the diet of diet 4b should be no more than 2600 kcal. Of these, proteins should account for 100-110 grams, fats - 80-90 grams, carbohydrates - 350-400 grams, 8-10 grams of salt and one and a half liters of free liquid. In terms of chemical content and energy value, the therapeutic diet 4b is not complete,but it has a slightly increased amount of protein.
Recommended and prohibited foods and diets4b
With a 4b diet, it is allowed to eat dried or yesterday's wheat bread made from flour of the first or highest grade, dry biscuit, dry cookies. Rye bread, puff or pastry products, wholemeal wheat bread are prohibited.
It is recommended to use low-fat soups with fish, meat broth or vegetable broth. Dairy soups, soups with legumes, pickles, cabbage soup, beetroot soup, okroshka are prohibited.
Low-fat and low-fat types and varieties of meat are allowed. Fatty varieties and types of meat are prohibited by the therapeutic diet 4b. It is not allowed to eat goose or duck meat, various sausages, smoked products, canned food. You can add cutlets, dumplings, meatballs from low-fat fish to the diet. It is forbidden to use salted, smoked, fatty fish, canned food. You can add milk, cream, non-acidic sour cream to dishes. You can eat acidophilus, kefir and other fermented milk drinks. Allowed to use curd paste, fresh cottage cheese, puddings, mild cheese. Well-boiled porridge is allowed. When preparing porridge, you can add a third of the milk to the water. With a 4b diet, it is allowed to eat fresh and ripe tomatoes (50-100 g per day). Sweet and ripe fruits are recommended for food,pre-peeled (up to 100 g per day). Sauces based on vegetable broth or weak meat broth are recommended. Fruit sauces, milk sauces are allowed. You can add dill, parsley, cinnamon, vanillin, bay leaf to the dishes.
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