Gangrene
Gangrene (gangraena; Greek gangraina from grao - to gnaw, to eat) is one of the types of necrosis, characterized by mummification (drying) or necrosis of tissue, or its putrefactive decay.
Types of gangrene:
- Wet - with putrefactive decay of dead tissue; differs in a low tendency to delimitation and general intoxication;
- Decubital (synonym: bedsore) - characterized by necrosis of soft tissues (mucous membrane, skin with subcutaneous tissue, walls of a blood vessel or hollow organ, and others); develops as a result of ischemia due to continuous prolonged mechanical pressure on the tissue;
- Diabetic - wet gangrene that occurs against the background of severe diabetes mellitus, due to profound violations of acid-base balance and carbohydrate metabolism;
- Infectious - caused by tissue death under the influence of microbial toxins, for example, with anthrax, anaerobic infection, etc.;
- Allergic skin - skin gangrene that develops as a symptom of allergic vasculitis;
- Bismuth skin (synonym: bismuth eshara) - skin gangrene caused by vascular thrombosis at the injection site of an oil suspension of bismuth salts;
- Dermatomycotic skin - skin gangrene, with some dermatomycosis in severe form (acromycosis, blastomycosis, sporotrichosis);
- Toxic skin - skin gangrene in case of poisoning with phosphorus, lead, ergotine and some other poisons of general action;
- Neurotrophic - due to gross violations of trophic innervation, for example, with a break in the spinal cord;
- Senile (synonym: marantic gangrene) - caused by general and local atherosclerotic circulatory disorders and nervous trophism that occur in old age;
- Dry - with rapid drying of dead tissue, which prevents the reproduction of microbes, is distinguished by a tendency to delimitation and weakness of manifestations of intoxication;
- Thermal - for burns or frostbite of III and IV degrees;
- Traumatic - with extensive crushing of tissues caused by mechanical injury;
- Circulatory - occurs with peripheral circulatory disorders;
- Circulatory venous (synonym: phlegmasia) - wet gangrene caused by the absence of venous outflow while maintaining arterial blood supply, for example, with thrombosis of the main vein;
- Circulatory ischemic - develops with insufficient arterial blood supply;
- Chemical - due to local exposure to caustic alkalis, strong acids and some other chemicals.
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