Purified concentrated horse tetanus serum
Pure concentrated horse tetanus serum: instructions for use and reviews
- 1. Release form and composition
- 2. Pharmacological properties
- 3. Indications for use
- 4. Contraindications
- 5. Method of application and dosage
- 6. Side effects
- 7. Overdose
- 8. Special instructions
- 9. Application during pregnancy and lactation
- 10. Drug interactions
- 11. Analogs
- 12. Terms and conditions of storage
- 13. Terms of dispensing from pharmacies
- 14. Reviews
- 15. Price in pharmacies
Latin name: Serum antitetanicum equinum purificatum concentratum liquidum
ATX code: J06AA02; J07AM01
Active ingredient: tetanus toxoid (Anatoxinum Tetanicum)
Producer: JSC NPO Microgen (Russia)
Description and photo update: 10.10.2018
Concentrated horse tetanus serum, concentrated (Tetanus antitetanus serum) is an immunological preparation that neutralizes tetanus toxin.
Release form and composition
The drug is produced in the form of a solution for injection: slightly opalescent, colorless or with a yellow tinge liquid without sediment [3000, 10,000, 20,000 or 50,000 international antitoxic activity units (ME) in an ampoule, the volume of serum in which for each dosage is calculated taking into account specific activity of the drug; in a cardboard box 5 ampoules with tetanus toxoid (PSS) and 5 ampoules with purified diluted horse serum *, complete with an ampoule knife or scarifier; if ampoules have a notch, ring or point for opening, a knife or scarifier is not attached; each pack also contains instructions for the use of concentrated horse tetanus serum].
1 ml of the drug contains at least 1200 IU.
* horse serum purified diluted 1: 100 - transparent, colorless liquid, without sediment (1 ml in an ampoule).
Pharmacological properties
PSS is an immunoglobulin fraction of the blood serum of horses immunized with tetanus toxin or toxoid, which contains specific antibodies - antitoxins that neutralize tetanus toxin.
Indications for use
Concentrated horse tetanus serum is used for specific emergency prevention and treatment of tetanus.
Contraindications
- pregnancy: in the first half, the use of AC-toxoid and PSS is contraindicated, in the second half - PSS;
- a history of indications of systemic allergic reactions and complications arising from the previous administration of PSS, horse serum diluted 1: 100, or hypersensitivity to drugs.
Purified concentrated horse tetanus serum, instructions for use: method and dosage
Emergency tetanus prophylaxis
Emergency specific prophylaxis of tetanus is indicated for the following lesions and conditions:
- injuries with violation of the integrity of the skin and mucous membranes;
- frostbite and burns of II, III and IV degree;
- tissue necrosis or gangrene of any type, abscesses;
- penetrating damage to the gastrointestinal tract (GIT);
- childbirth outside specialized institutions and community-acquired abortion;
- animal bites.
Emergency prevention of the disease provides for the initial surgical treatment of the wound and, if necessary, the formation of specific immunity against tetanus.
For emergency specific prophylaxis of tetanus, the following agents are used: AS-toxoid, human anti-tetanus immunoglobulin (IHPS), and in the absence of the latter, PSS. AC-toxoid and ICHPS are used according to the instructions for use of these drugs.
For emergency prevention of PSS, a dose of 3000 IU is administered subcutaneously (s / c).
Below is a diagram of the choice of prophylactic agents for emergency prevention of tetanus, with the available documentary evidence of vaccinations (taking into account the presence of previous vaccinations against tetanus with a drug containing tetanus toxoid and the patient's age):
- full course of routine vaccinations: children and adolescents, regardless of the period after the last vaccination, do not inject drugs³;
- a full course of routine vaccinations without the last age-related revaccination: children and adolescents, regardless of the period after the last vaccination, are injected with AC-toxoid 0.5 ml;
- full course of immunization 4: for adults, if the period after the last vaccination is 5 years or less, the drugs are not administered, for more than 5 years, 0.5 ml of AC-toxoid is administered;
- two vaccinations 5: persons of any age, if the period after the last vaccination is 5 years or less, AC-toxoid is injected at 0.5 ml, after more than 5 years, AC-toxoid is injected at 1 ml, IChPS² at 250 ME / PSS at 3000 ME 7;
- one vaccination: to persons of any age, if the period after the last vaccination is 2 years or less, AC-toxoid 0.5 ml is administered (IHPS and PSS are not used 6); after more than 2 years, AC-toxoid is injected at 1 ml, IChPS at 250 ME / PSS at 3000 ME 7;
- no vaccinations: children under 5 months of age do not use AC-toxoid 9, inject IChPS at 250 ME; to persons of any other age, AC-toxoid is injected at 0.5 ml 7.8, ICHPS at 250 ME / PSS at 3000 ME 7.
In the absence of documentary evidence of vaccinations, the following scheme is recommended:
- patients with no history of contraindications to vaccinations: children under 5 months of age do not inject AC-toxoid, use IChPS 250 ME; children from 5 months and older, adolescents, military personnel, former military personnel are injected with AS-toxoid 0.5 ml each (ICHPS and PSS are not used 6);
- the rest of the contingent: persons of any age are injected with 1 ml of AC-toxoid, ICHPS 250 ME / PSS 3000 ME.
¹ - instead of AC-toxoid in a dose of 0.5 ml, it is possible to use ADS-M-toxoid, in the case when vaccination with this agent against diphtheria is required; if the localization of the wound permits, it is preferable to administer the AC-toxoid into the area of its location by subcutaneous injection.
² - use ESP or MSS, giving preference to the former.
³ - in the presence of infected wounds, if the period after the last revaccination is 5 or more years, 0.5 ml of AC-toxoid is injected.
4 - for adults, the full course of immunization with AC-toxoid includes 2 injections of 0.5 ml each with an interval of 30–40 days, as well as revaccination after 6–12 months at the same dose; with a reduced scheme - 1 vaccination with AC-toxoid at a dose of 1 ml and revaccination after 1 / 2–2 years at a dose of 0.5 ml.
5 - for children and adults according to the usual schedule of 2 vaccinations or 1 - for adults according to the reduced immunization schedule.
6 - injected with IPSC or PSS against the background of infected wounds.
7 - after active-passive prophylaxis, in order to complete the course of immunization after 1 / 2–2 years, revaccination with AS-toxoid in a dose of 0.5 ml is required.
8 - children under 6 years of age, if it is necessary to prescribe AC-toxoid, it must be administered intramuscularly.
9 - children under 3 years of age after normalization of the condition according to the terms of the calendar of preventive vaccinations.
Before the introduction of PSS, an intradermal test is carried out with purified horse serum diluted in a dose of 0.1 ml, injecting it into the flexor surface of the forearm with syringes with a division rate of 0.1 ml and thin needles. 20 minutes after injection, the reaction is recorded. If the swelling or redness that occurs at the injection site is less than 1 cm in diameter, the sample is considered negative, if 1 cm or more is positive. In case of a negative test, using a sterile syringe, PSS is injected s / c in an amount of 0.1 ml. The opened ampoule is covered with a sterile napkin. If after 30 minutes there is no reaction, for the purpose of prophylaxis, the entire necessary dose is injected with a sterile syringe subcutaneously, for therapeutic purposes - intravenously (IV) or into the spinal canal.
With a positive intradermal test or the development of an anaphylactic reaction after the initial subcutaneous injection of PSS, further use of the latter is contraindicated. In this case, IChPS is introduced.
The administration of the drug is recorded in accordance with the established registration form, indicating the date of inoculation, dose, manufacturer of the drug, batch number, reaction to administration.
Tetanus treatment
At the earliest possible date from the onset of tetanus toxin lesion, patients are injected with PSS in a dose of 100,000-200,000 ME. The drug is injected intravenously or into the spinal canal after sample preparation with purified diluted horse serum. The introduction of PSS, depending on the severity of the disease, is repeated until the reflex seizures are relieved.
Side effects
Against the background of the introduction of concentrated horse tetanus serum, an immediate (immediately after injection or several hours later), early (2–6 days) and long-term (in the second week and later) allergic reactions may develop. These complications are manifested by the development of a symptom complex of serum sickness (skin flushing, itching, skin rashes, urticaria, joint pain, fever, etc.) and, in some cases, anaphylactic shock.
If an anaphylactic reaction occurs, the administration of serum is stopped and adrenaline (epinephrine) is injected subcutaneously (0.3–1 ml); cordiamine - 1.5-2 ml; hydrocortisone - 50-100 ml or prednisolone - 25 ml; strophanthin - 0.05 ml with 40% glucose solution at a dose of 20 ml.
Overdose
Overdose symptoms have not been established.
special instructions
The drug is not suitable for use if its physical properties change, package integrity is broken or labeling is missing, as well as in case of violation of the storage regime.
Before the administration of the serum, to establish sensitivity to a foreign protein, it is mandatory to carry out an intradermal test with purified horse serum diluted 1: 100.
When using PSS, the risk of shock should be taken into account, therefore, each vaccinated patient must be closely monitored for 1 hour after administration of the drug. In those places where vaccinations are carried out, anti-shock therapy should be available. Patients who have received PSS should immediately consult a doctor if symptoms similar to those of serum sickness occur.
Influence on the ability to drive vehicles and complex mechanisms
No data available.
Application during pregnancy and lactation
The use of concentrated horse tetanus serum during pregnancy and breastfeeding is possible only for health reasons, after a careful assessment of the expected benefits for the mother and the threat to the health of the fetus / child.
Drug interactions
With the combined administration of tetanus toxoid or PSS, the immune response is suppressed.
Analogs
Analogues of concentrated horse tetanus serum are: AC-toxoid, ICHPS, anti-tetanus immunoglobulin from human blood serum, etc.
Terms and conditions of storage
Keep out of the reach of children at a temperature of 2-8 ° C, avoiding freezing.
The shelf life is 3 years.
Terms of dispensing from pharmacies
Released for medical institutions.
Reviews about the concentrated horse tetanus serum
According to many reviews, concentrated horse tetanus serum is a drug that is necessary for emergency prevention of tetanus in case of injuries, burns, frostbite, animal bites and other injuries. Also, PSS is used to treat tetanus, injecting it for injuries at the earliest possible date.
Tetanus can be prevented with immunization and vaccines. Children undergo active prevention of this disease according to the National Vaccination Schedule. According to many users, since tetanus is an extremely serious infection and does not develop immunity to it for a long period, adults should be revaccinated against this disease every 10 years.
The disadvantages of the drug in most cases include the development after its introduction of side effects in the form of allergic reactions.
The price of the concentrated horse tetanus serum concentrated in pharmacies
The price of the concentrated horse tetanus serum (solution for injection 3000 IU) in stationary pharmacies can be: 650-730 rubles. for 5 ampoules complete with 5 ampoules with purified diluted horse serum.
Maria Kulkes Medical journalist About the author
Education: First Moscow State Medical University named after I. M. Sechenov, specialty "General Medicine".
Information about the drug is generalized, provided for informational purposes only and does not replace the official instructions. Self-medication is hazardous to health!
