Arachnoiditis
Arachnoiditis (arachnoiditis; Greek arachne - spider web, spider related to spiders + -eides similar, similar + Latin it (word-form suffix) - inflammatory process; synonyms: external leptomeningitis, arachnomeningitis) - an inflammatory process that occurs in the pia mater spinal cord or brain with a predominant lesion of the arachnoid membrane.
Types of arachnoiditis:
- Basal (basalis) - localized on the basal surface of the brain; the process is manifested by damage to the cranial nerves, visual and endocrine-metabolic disorders;
- Diffuse (diffusa) - widely spreads over the surface of the spinal cord or brain;
- Cystic (cystica) - a chronic process; characterized by the formation of membrane cysts; resembles a tumor of the spinal cord or brain;
- Convexital (convexitalis; Latin convexitas - convexity) - arachnoiditis of the convex surface of the cerebral hemispheres; manifested by paresis of the limbs, epileptic seizures, headaches, sensitivity disorders;
- The cerebellopontine angle (anguli pontocerebellaris) - limited arachnoiditis; characterized by lesions of the cranial nerves in the cerebellopontine angle;
- Limited (circumscripta) - develops only in limited areas of the membranes of the spinal cord or brain;
- Optochiasmal (opticochiasmalis; anat. Nervus opticus - optic nerve + chiasma opticum - optic chiasm; synonym: optic-chiasmal arachnoiditis) - localized in the optic nerve; manifests itself as a decrease in acuity and narrowing of the visual fields, can lead to blindness;
- Productive chronic (productiva chronica) - a chronic process; characterized by fibrosis and thickening of the membrane with the formation of cysts and adhesions;
- Adhesive (adhaesiva; synonym: meningopathy adherent delimited) - a chronic process; characterized by the formation of adhesions between the membranes of the brain;
- Spinal (spinalis) - arachnoiditis of the spinal cord; manifests itself as conductive and radicular symptoms, impaired circulation of cerebrospinal fluid;
- Traumatic (traumatica) - a chronic productive process that develops after serous leptomeningitis;
- Cerebral (cerebralis) - arachnoiditis of the brain; manifested by disturbances in the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid and focal symptoms of brain damage.
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