Cyst on the gum
The content of the article:
- Causes and risk factors
- How does a tooth cyst manifest?
- The consequences of a tooth cyst in the gum
-
What to do
- Depophoresis
- Surgery
- Prevention
- Video
A cyst on the gum is a hollow, benign neoplasm filled with liquid contents that can be located in any area of the gum.
The cystic membrane has two layers (outer and inner). The outer layer consists of connective tissue, and the inner layer consists of stratified squamous epithelium. What does a cyst look like on the gum? The photo shows that it looks like a rounded swelling, with the addition of an infectious inflammation it can become edematous and hyperemic.
A cyst on the gum is a rounded neoplasm
If a cystic formation is found in the mouth, you should consult a dentist, undergo examination and treatment.
To determine the extent of the lesion, an x-ray diagnosis is usually required (x-ray of the jaw in the projection of the lesion, plain x-ray of the jaws). Treatment of pathology can be therapeutic and surgical, however, surgical removal of the cystic neoplasm has a long-term effect.
Causes and risk factors
This pathology often occurs against the background of untreated caries, pulpitis, periodontitis, poor-quality dental treatment (poorly sealed canals, insufficient sterilization of instruments, improperly selected dental crowns).
Injuries, the presence of an infectious process in the oral cavity can contribute to the development of cystic neoplasms, in addition, in some cases, a cyst is formed against the background of sinusitis and a number of other diseases of infectious etiology.
Cystic formations in the mouth are divided into several types, which are presented in the table.
| Cyst type | Explanation |
| Root (radicular) | The most common cystic gum formation that occurs near the apex of the tooth root amid inflammation of the periapical tissues |
| Follicular | Arises from the follicle in the area of enamel transition into the cementum of the tooth, which can occur as a result of the addition of infection during the eruption of the tooth |
| Primary | Formed in case of violations of tooth development |
| Retromolar | Develops in case of difficult eruption of a wisdom tooth |
| Residual | Appears after tooth extraction |
How does a tooth cyst manifest?
The disease may not manifest itself in any way for a long time. Usually, clinical signs occur with an increase in cyst size and / or with the addition of an infectious inflammation. Sometimes the onset of symptoms in a previously unrevealed cystic formation is facilitated by hypothermia, excessive physical exertion, deterioration of immunity, stress, an infectious disease.
In the early stages of the development of pathology, the patient may experience a tingling sensation in the gums. Symptoms of cystic formation include:
- focal hyperemia of the gums;
- discomfort and / or pain when chewing solid food;
- swelling of the gums.
In the case of an infection, the body temperature may rise (usually to subfebrile values), a headache, and general weakness may appear. With the progression of the pathological process, the cystic cavity can fill with purulent contents.
The consequences of a tooth cyst in the gum
Lack of adequate treatment for cystic formation on the gums can lead to the following complications:
- the spread of infection to the bone tissue of the jaw and to the body as a whole (foci of inflammation of the periosteum and bone tissue of the jaw, phlegmon of the face and neck may appear);
- inflammation of the lymph nodes.
Cystic formations are also dangerous because the progression of the pathological process can lead to the loss of teeth.
What to do
The answer to the question of how to treat cystic gum formation depends on the cause of the development of the pathological process, the stage of the disease, the type of cyst and whether it developed in an adult or a child.
It is extremely rare and only at the early stages of the development of the pathological process it is possible to get rid of the neoplasm without surgery, only with the help of conservative methods, however, the gum cyst is not treated at home.
For example, in the case of an odontogenic cyst, the tooth that caused the pathology is opened, it is depulpated, then the root canal is expanded, through which the contents of the cystic cavity are allowed to come out. Antiseptics and other drugs can be injected into the canal. After cleansing the cystic cavity, it is filled with a medicinal substance that promotes tissue restoration, the tooth is filled and monitored for six months, after which a control X-ray is taken.
Depophoresis
You can also fight cystic formations in the mouth using the depophoresis method using copper-calcium hydroxide and a weak electric current. In this case, a medicinal substance is placed into the cavity, after which electrophoresis is applied to it. Usually, the course of treatment consists of 2-4 sessions, each procedure is carried out fairly quickly (usually about 5 minutes). After completing the processing of the cavity, the tooth is filled.
Surgery
In some cases, it is required to remove the neoplasm, as well as the tooth (partially or completely) by surgery. If the tooth is completely in the cystic cavity and / or is severely destroyed, it must also be removed. There are several ways to operate on a neoplasm - cystectomy or cystotomy. The latter method is not radical and is used mainly in children's practice.
Surgery to remove a cyst is called a cystectomy
Cystectomy - removal of a neoplasm with the apex of the damaged tooth root. This type of surgical intervention is one of the most effective, but it is difficult to apply it in relation to molars. After the operation, the restoration of the tooth can be carried out using a crown or other methods. After surgical treatment, the patient is shown antibacterial drugs in order to prevent infectious inflammation.
Prevention
In order to prevent the development of cystic formation on the gums, it is required:
- follow the rules of personal hygiene (daily brushing your teeth);
- visit the dentist regularly, if necessary, timely treat caries, gingivitis and other diseases of the oral cavity;
- strengthen immunity.
Video
We offer for viewing a video on the topic of the article.
Anna Aksenova Medical journalist About the author
Education: 2004-2007 "First Kiev Medical College" specialty "Laboratory Diagnostics".
Found a mistake in the text? Select it and press Ctrl + Enter.
