Menopause With Menopause: How They Go, Can It Be In Six Months, A Year

2024 Author: Rachel Wainwright | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-01-15 19:51

Menstruation with menopause

The content of the article:

How are your periods before menopause
Can menstruation go after menopause
1. Causes of bleeding in postmenopausal women
2. What to do
What happens to the body during menopause
1. Early symptoms
2. Late symptoms
What can be done with menopause
1. Lifestyle change
2. Hormone replacement therapy
Video

Menopause is a natural period in a woman's life during which the production of female sex hormones by the ovaries decreases. Most women are faced with the unpleasant manifestations of menopause: menstrual irregularities, hot flashes, mood swings, weight gain. Violation of menstruation with menopause appears earlier than other signs, even in premenopause. Menstruation becomes irregular, cycle length and blood flow change.

Menstruation stops at the onset of menopause

How are your periods before menopause

Often, the first manifestation of menopause is a violation of the menstrual cycle, this is due to the effect of estrogen deficiency on the endometrium (the inner layer of the uterus). A woman faces these symptoms already at the age of 44–47 years. Menstruation is irregular, there are often delays or, conversely, a decrease in the duration of the menstrual cycle. The menstrual cycle changes during the menopausal transition, with the onset of menopause, periods stop, and in postmenopause they are completely absent. Consider the peculiarity of menstruation in different periods of menopause - premenopause, menopause and postmenopause.

Menopause period	Features of menstruation
Premenopause	The period of the menopausal transition begins with an irregular menstrual cycle. The duration of the cycle is usually lengthened (the cycle does not last 28 days, but 35–45 and even more), but sometimes it can be shortened. Delays appear, menstruation can be absent for a long time - several months or even six months, and then resume. The amount of discharge may change - they become scarce or, conversely, abundant.
Menopause	Menopause with menopause ends with the onset of menopause. The fact of menopause is established retrospectively, one year after the cessation of menstruation.
Postmenopause	Postmenopause begins 12 months after menopause. During postmenopause, menstruation does not go, the appearance of uterine bleeding indicates a malfunction in the body.

Can menstruation go after menopause

Normally, after the onset of menopause, menstruation no longer comes. However, some women face the appearance of uterine bleeding even in the postmenopausal period. Abnormal uterine bleeding is familiar to about 15–20% of postmenopausal women. In most cases, the cause of this condition is organic diseases: polyps and hyperplastic processes of the endometrium, fibroids, adenomyosis, tumors.

Causes of bleeding in postmenopausal women

The main causes of bleeding in postmenopausal women include diseases of the endometrium, myometrium and ovaries:

endometrial polyps;
submucous, interstitial, subserous uterine myoma;
hormone-producing ovarian tumors;
adenomyosis.

In addition, bleeding can occur due to extragenital causes, such as coagulopathy or cirrhosis of the liver.

What to do

If uterine bleeding occurs in the postmenopausal period, you should immediately consult a gynecologist. The doctor will prescribe an examination aimed at identifying the cause of the bleeding:

general blood analysis;
coagulogram - to identify the pathology of the coagulation system;
biochemical blood test (hepatic complex) - to identify liver pathology;
a blood test for hormones: estradiol, progesterone, follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormones;
ultrasound examination of the pelvic organs;
smear for cytology;
if necessary - hysteroscopy and diagnostic curettage of the endometrium.

Therapy is aimed at eliminating the cause, the underlying disease is treated. In the absence of organic causes, symptomatic hemostatic therapy is prescribed.

What happens to the body during menopause

Menstrual dysfunction is not the only symptom of menopause. Deficiency of estrogen affects not only the uterus, but also other organs: brain, skin, urogenital tract, mammary glands, heart, blood vessels, bones. Depending on the time of occurrence, the early and late symptoms of menopause are distinguished. How long climacteric symptoms persist depends on heredity, general condition of the body, and the presence of concomitant diseases.

Early symptoms

Early symptoms appear during the menopausal transition. In addition to menstrual dysfunctions, they include autonomic and psychoemotional manifestations. These symptoms can persist for a long time, for several years.

Symptom group	How do they manifest
Vegetative disorders	Along with a violation of the menstrual cycle, one of the first symptoms of menopause is hot flashes. Hot flashes are felt in the form of heat and increased sweating, followed by chills. Such attacks can be repeated 10-20 times a day. Autonomic disorders are also manifested by fluctuations in blood pressure, skin redness, sweating, and dizziness.
Psycho-emotional disorders	Psychoemotional disorders are manifested in the form of emotional lability, irritability, tearfulness. Women during menopause are more prone to developing depression.

Late symptoms

Late symptoms usually develop after menopause and include changes in the urogenital tract, cardiovascular system, and bone tissue.

Symptom group	How do they manifest
Urogenital disorders	The mucous membrane of the urogenital tract is very sensitive to estrogens, therefore, their deficiency in postmenopausal women leads to the development of the following symptoms: Dryness of the mucous membrane; · Pain during intercourse; Soreness when urinating; · Violations of microflora; · Burning and itching in the vagina. Less commonly, pelvic floor muscle weakness occurs, which is clinically manifested by urinary incontinence.
Cardiovascular pathology	Postmenopausal women are more likely to develop cardiovascular disease. Estrogen deficiency increases the risk of arterial hypertension and atherosclerosis, which can lead to dangerous complications such as myocardial infarction and stroke.
Osteoporosis and fractures	Lack of estrogen also affects bone health. In postmenopausal women, bone loss increases, bones become less dense, and fractures are more common.

What can be done with menopause

Approximately 60% of women experience manifestations of menopause. It is impossible to restore a normal menstrual cycle, but it is quite possible to alleviate the course of menopause.

Lifestyle change

Taking care of women's health should begin at the reproductive age. Regular visits to a gynecologist, an active lifestyle, rejection of bad habits, timely treatment of gynecological and endocrine diseases, proper nutrition - all this helps to delay the onset of menopause.

With the onset of menopause, it is necessary to change the lifestyle that the woman led earlier. Foods rich in phytoestrogens should be added to the diet:

bran;
peas;
beans;
lentils;
flax seeds.

It is recommended to quit smoking - nicotine accelerates the aging process and aggravates the manifestations of menopause. Sports, healthy sleep, autogenic training will help to reduce the manifestations of autonomic and psycho-emotional disorders.

Regular exercise helps to normalize the hormonal background of a woman in menopause

Hormone replacement therapy

Hormone replacement therapy helps to get rid of early menopausal symptoms, as well as reduce the risk of developing osteoporosis and diseases of the cardiovascular system.

In natural menopause, a combination therapy containing estrogens and gestagens is prescribed. Therapy can be carried out in two modes - cyclical or continuous.

Hormone therapy regimen

What is the essence, who is assigned

Drugs

Cyclical

In a cyclic regimen against the background of constant estrogen intake, progestogen is added in the last 10-14 days of each month. With this regimen of hormone therapy, a woman has monthly bleeding, reminiscent of menstruation. The cyclic regimen is indicated for perimenopausal women.

· Femoston;

· Divina;

· Klimen;

· Klimonorm;

· Divitren;

· Trisequencing.

Continuous

The continuous combination regimen involves the daily intake of a combination of estrogens and gestagens. This regimen is indicated for postmenopausal women and does not lead to monthly bleeding.

· Kliogest;

· Premella.

Despite the many advantages, hormone replacement therapy also has disadvantages - the risk of endometrial and breast malignant tumors and thrombotic complications increases. You should not choose drugs according to recommendations and reviews, hormone therapy should be selected by a doctor after a complete examination.