Arterial pressure
Blood pressure (tensio arterialis; BP; synonym: blood pressure arterial) - the pressure that the blood in the artery exerts on its wall; is determined by the value of cardiac output, the total peripheral vascular resistance to blood flow and the state of the arterial walls.
The following types of blood pressure are distinguished:
- Basal - measured in a person using the Korotkov method immediately after waking up after a night's sleep (without getting out of bed, in the supine position), on an empty stomach;
- Lateral (synonym: true systolic blood pressure) - systolic blood pressure, measured by the direct bloody method or based on the analysis of the tachyoscillogram; below systolic blood pressure, determined by clamping the artery with a rubber cuff;
- Diastolic (synonyms: minimum blood pressure, diastolic pressure, diastolic blood pressure) - blood pressure at the end of the heart's diastole, when the minimum value is reached during the cardiac cycle;
- Additional (synonym: additional blood pressure) - a change in blood pressure in comparison with the residual or basal blood pressure associated with carrying out any stress test or due to the influence of random environmental factors; characterizes the patient's tendency to hypo- or hypertensive reactions;
- Residual - the difference between random and basal blood pressure; characterizes its lability;
- Pulse (synonyms: pulse blood pressure, pulse pressure) - the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure (normal - 30-60 mm Hg);
- Systolic (synonyms: systolic blood pressure, maximum blood pressure, systolic pressure) - blood pressure during the period of heart systole, when the maximum value is reached during the cardiac cycle;
- Random - blood pressure measured at any time of the day without the use of any special tests and loads;
- Average (synonym: average blood pressure) - BP, which corresponds to the level of air pressure in the cuff of the tonometer, at which the lumen of the vessel during diastole remains closed for a minimum time; determined using arterial oscillography; reflects the degree of elasticity of the arterial wall;
- Shock - the difference between the values of lateral and systolic blood pressure (the norm in humans is 20-40 mm Hg).
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