Basal Pneumonia: Symptoms And Treatment In Adults And Children, Causes

2024 Author: Rachel Wainwright | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-01-15 19:51

Basal pneumonia: symptoms, treatment, prevention

The content of the article:

Classification
The reasons for the development of the disease
Radical pneumonia symptoms
Diagnostics
Treatment of root pneumonia in adults and children
Complications
Prevention
Video

Basal pneumonia is a disease in which the inflammatory process is localized in the area of the pulmonary root (where the lungs connect to the bronchi). The inflammation can be unilateral or bilateral.

To make the correct diagnosis, you need to consult a therapist or pulmonologist

Symptoms of the disease may resemble pulmonary tuberculosis or cancer, therefore, in order to exclude these diseases, computed tomography is prescribed.

Classification

Due to the anatomical structure, pneumonia of the right lung most often occurs. Since the bronchi on the right side are wider and tilted, this facilitates the penetration of infection. Disease localized in the left lung occurs less frequently. It differs in that it is less treatable, which is associated with a high likelihood of congestion.

There are two types of root pneumonia:

Type of pneumonia	Characteristics
Tumor	It is characterized by a sluggish flow. Small tubercles appear on the tissues at the root of the lung. In this case, the patient feels satisfactory, there are no obvious signs of inflammation. This form of the disease is considered to be milder and responds well to treatment.
Inflammatory	The disease is more complex, it is difficult to treat, and short-term improvements are replaced by periods of exacerbation

The reasons for the development of the disease

The most common cause of pneumonia is infection with pathogens: bacteria (pneumococcus, streptococcus, staphylococcus) or viruses (influenza, parainfluenza, adenovirus).

Most often bacteria and viruses lead to the development of pneumonia.

In most cases, they enter the human body in one of the following ways:

Path of transmission of the pathogen	Features:
Airborne	This is the most common route of transmission. Together with droplets of saliva during a cough or sneeze from an infected person, a huge number of pathogenic microbes enter the air. They are in the air for some time, posing a danger to the people around them.
Contact	Infection can occur through kissing or shaking hands. Often household items or common utensils become the source of infection

Oral-genital and perinatal transmission is also possible.

The development of pneumonia is influenced by factors such as:

smoking and alcohol abuse;
weak immunity;
the presence of chronic diseases;
frequent hypothermia;
work in hazardous industries;
frequent colds infectious diseases;
helminthiasis;
allergy;
chest trauma.

In a child, the disease can occur as a result of abnormal development of the lungs, congenital heart disease, birth trauma, or immunodeficiency.

Radical pneumonia symptoms

The following symptoms indicate the development of the disease:

difficulty breathing and wheezing;
a strong cough that is initially dry, and later becomes moist and painful;
an increase in body temperature, in severe cases - up to 40 ° C, with prolonged inflammation, it can be in the range of 37–38 ° C for a long period;
general symptoms of intoxication, such as weakness, dizziness, lack of appetite, excessive sweating, sleep disturbances.

With root pneumonia, in most cases, pain in the chest or under the scapula, which is characteristic of other types of pneumonia, is absent.

Diagnostics

It is quite difficult to identify basal pneumonia. In order to diagnose an ailment, the doctor interviews the patient, then listens to the lungs with a phonendoscope. However, such methods are not informative enough.

After the interview, the doctor listens to the lungs with a phonendoscope

The peculiarity of this type of pneumonia is that it is difficult to detect using X-ray. The focus of the disease is located near the root of the lung, so the image is difficult to interpret, since the shadow of the heart overlaps the pathological changes. The most effective method is computed tomography.

Also, a patient suspected of developing a disease is prescribed the following tests:

general blood analysis;
sputum analysis;
tuberculin tests.

Treatment of root pneumonia in adults and children

In most cases, treatment begins with the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics from the group of penicillins (Benzylpenicillin, Amoxicillin), macrolides (Azithromycin, Clarithromycin) or cephalosporins (Emssef, Ceftriaxone, Cefazolin). The medicine, the scheme of application and the duration of treatment are determined by the pulmonologist. In severe forms of the disease, the antibiotic can be administered parenterally.

To lower body temperature, eliminate aches and pains in joints and muscles, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs based on ibuprofen, nimesulide or paracetamol are used. They are available in the form of tablets, syrups, powders for solution preparation or suppositories. These drugs are usually used 2-3 times a day.

Expectorants based on ambroxol, acetylcysteine or carbocysteine are also used to treat the disease. They allow you to liquefy and remove phlegm, thereby speeding up the healing process.

To reduce the severity of intoxication, detoxification solutions are administered intravenously

In severe forms of the disease, in order to reduce intoxication, detoxification solutions (Ringer's solution, Rheosorbilact) are used, which are administered intravenously. In the presence of dyspnea, Euphyllin, Bronholitin, Salbutamol are prescribed.

After the patient's body temperature is normalized, physiotherapeutic methods of treatment are shown (for example, UHF - ultra-high-frequency therapy), as well as a set of various measures in the form of breathing exercises and massage.

Patients with an acute form of pathology need:

observe bed rest;
eat properly. The diet should include meat, eggs, vegetables and fruits. Exclude fried, spicy and salty foods, alcoholic and low-alcohol drinks;
observe the drinking regime. You need to drink at least two liters of liquid per day in the form of tea, compote, fruit drink or still water.

Rosehip infusion can be used as vitamin tea

In the complex treatment of the disease, the following means can be used:

rosehip infusion: 20 g of chopped rosehips are placed in a thermos and poured with boiling water. After the agent is infused for 5 hours, it is filtered and consumed in 100 ml before meals;
infusion of calendula: 5 g of raw materials are poured with 500 ml of boiling water and insisted for half an hour. Filter and take 150 ml three times a day;
badger fat: it is used in the form of compresses or taken orally half a teaspoon 2-3 times a day. Before starting use, you should consult your doctor.

Complications

Pneumonia is a dangerous disease, and if therapy is not started on time, the patient may experience serious complications, in particular:

pleurisy (inflammation of the serous membrane of the lungs);
heart failure;
pulmonary insufficiency;
abscess in the root zone;
myocarditis (inflammation of the heart muscle);
rheumatism.

Prevention

In order to avoid the development of the disease, it is necessary to treat colds in time, since often root pneumonia is their consequence.

To minimize the likelihood of developing the disease, you need to follow the rules of personal hygiene.

Also recommended:

observe the rules of personal hygiene, be sure to wash your hands after visiting public places;
dress for the weather in order to avoid hypothermia;
strengthen immunity, play sports and walk in the fresh air;
eat properly.

Root pneumonia is one of the diseases that require timely and adequate treatment. If you suspect its development, it is necessary to urgently seek advice from a pulmonologist or therapist.