Polyoxidonium
Polyoxidonium: instructions for use and reviews
- 1. Release form and composition
- 2. Pharmacological properties
- 3. Indications for use
- 4. Contraindications
- 5. Instructions for the use of Polyoxidonium: scab and dosage
- 6. Side effects
- 7. Overdose
- 8. Special instructions
- 9. Application during pregnancy and lactation
- 10. Use in childhood
- 11. In case of impaired renal function
- 12. For violations of liver function
- 13. Drug interactions
- 14. Analogs
- 15. Terms and conditions of storage
- 16. Terms of dispensing from pharmacies
- 17. Reviews
- 18. Price in pharmacies
Latin name: Polyoxidonium
ATX code: L03
Active ingredient: Azoximer bromide (Azoximer bromide)
Manufacturer: Petrovax Pharm NPO (Russia)
Description and photo update: 2019-09-08
Prices in pharmacies: from 725 rubles.
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Polyoxidonium is an immunostimulating agent that increases the body's resistance to local and generalized infections.
Release form and composition
Dosage forms:
- Lyophilisate for the preparation of a solution for injection and topical use: hygroscopic and photosensitive porous mass from yellow to white with a yellow tint (in glass bottles: in a cardboard box 5 bottles; in a blister strip packaging 5 bottles, in a cardboard box 1 package; in a cardboard box 5 vials complete with ampoules (5 pcs.) 0.9% sodium chloride solution);
- Tablets: flat-cylindrical, with a chamfer, a dividing line on one side and the inscription "PO" on the other, from yellow with an orange tint to white with a yellow tint, possibly the presence of blotches of a brighter color (10 pcs. In a blister strip, in a cardboard box 1 package);
- Rectal and vaginal suppositories: light yellow, torpedo-shaped, with a faint smell of cocoa butter (5 pcs. In a blister, 2 packs in a cardboard box).
The active ingredient is azoxymer bromide (polyoxidonium):
- 1 bottle of lyophilisate - 3 mg or 6 mg;
- 1 tablet - 12 mg;
- 1 suppository - 6 mg or 12 mg.
Auxiliary components:
- Lyophilisate: povidone, betacarotene, mannitol;
- Tablets: lactose monohydrate, mannitol, potato starch, povidone, stearic acid, beta-carotene;
- Suppositories: betacarotene, mannitol, cocoa butter, povidone.
Pharmacological properties
Pharmacodynamics
The drug has an immunomodulatory effect, increasing the body's resistance to local and generalized infections. Polyoxidonium directly affects natural killer cells and phagocytic cells, and also stimulates the formation of antibodies.
The use of the drug for secondary immunodeficiencies increases the effectiveness of therapy and helps to shorten the duration of treatment. Against the background of the use of Polyoxidonium, the need for the use of antibiotics, glucocorticosteroids and bronchodilators decreases, and the period of remission is also lengthened.
Polyoxidonium is well tolerated by patients. It does not possess polyclonal and growth-stimulating activity, does not exhibit antigenic properties and does not have mutagenic, teratogenic, embryotoxic, carcinogenic and allergenic effects.
Polyoxidonium in the form of tablets additionally activates tissue macrophages and phagocytes of peripheral blood, due to which the causative agent of the infection is quickly eliminated from the body. The drug also activates lymphoid cells that are found in regional lymph nodes.
Sublingual administration of Polyoxidonium in tablet form activates lymphoid cells located in the oropharynx, nasal cavity, Eustachian tubes and bronchi. The drug also activates the bactericidal properties of saliva.
When the tablets are taken orally, the lymphoid cells of the intestinal lymph nodes are activated. As a result, the resistance of the digestive tract, ENT organs and respiratory tract to various infectious agents increases.
Polyoxidonium in the form of suppositories and lyophilisate for preparation of solution for injection and topical application restores immunity in case of secondary immunodeficiencies caused by burns, injuries, various infections, malignant tumors, autoimmune diseases, complications after taking steroid hormones, cytostatics, chemotherapy drugs and surgical operations.
In addition to immunomodulatory properties, suppositories and lyophilisates have antioxidant and detoxifying activity, help to remove salts of heavy metals and toxins from the body, and inhibit lipid peroxidation. The listed properties of the drug are determined by its structure and high-molecular nature.
Polyoxidonium increases the resistance of cell membranes to the cytotoxic effect of chemicals and drugs, and reduces their toxicity.
When the drug is prescribed in the complex treatment of patients with oncological diseases, intoxication is reduced on the background of radiation and chemotherapy, which allows standard therapy to be carried out without changing its scheme due to the development of side effects or infectious complications (including diarrhea, colitis, cystitis, vomiting, myelosuppression).
Pharmacokinetics
After taking Polyoxidonium inside, it is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Its bioavailability is about 50%. The maximum plasma concentration is reached after 3 hours. The pharmacokinetics are linear, that is, the concentration of Polyoxidonium in plasma is directly proportional to the dose taken. The apparent volume of distribution is about 0.5 l / kg, which indicates the distribution of the drug mainly in the intercellular fluid. The time required for absorption of half the dose of the drug is 35 minutes, the half-life is 18 hours.
With intramuscular administration of Polyoxidonium, its bioavailability is 89%, the time to reach the maximum concentration in the blood is 40 minutes. The drug is quickly distributed to all tissues and organs. The half-life is 0.44 hours, and the half-life is 36.2 hours. It is metabolized to oligomers by hydrolysis. Excretion of metabolites occurs mainly by the kidneys.
With rectal administration of Polyoxidonium, bioavailability is at least 70%. The maximum concentration in blood plasma is reached after 1 hour. The half-life is about 30 minutes, and the half-life is 36.2 hours.
Indications for use
The use of Polyoxidonium is indicated for the correction of immune deficiency.
Lyophilisate for solution for injection and topical use
Lyophilisate is used as part of complex therapy in adults and children over 6 months of age for the prevention of acute respiratory diseases (ARI) and influenza.
In addition, the drug is used in complex therapy in adults:
- Tuberculosis;
- Exacerbation and remission of chronic infectious and inflammatory pathologies in the absence of the clinical effect of standard treatment methods;
- Chronic and acute forms of bronchial asthma, hay fever, atopic dermatitis and other allergic pathologies complicated by recurrent chronic viral and bacterial infections;
- Chronic and acute viral and bacterial infections, including urogenital infectious and inflammatory diseases;
- Oncology (during chemotherapy and radiation therapy and after it, in order to reduce the immunosuppressive, hepato- and nephrotoxic effects of drugs);
- Rheumatoid arthritis (against the background of prolonged treatment with immunosuppressants);
- Rheumatoid arthritis complicated by acute respiratory infections;
- Activation of regenerative processes in case of bone fractures, burns, trophic ulcers;
- Prevention of infectious complications after surgery.
Complex therapy in children:
- Acute and chronic inflammatory pathologies caused by causative agents of viral, bacterial, fungal infections (including acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI), adenoiditis, sinusitis, rhinitis, hypertrophy of the pharyngeal tonsil);
- Bronchial asthma, complicated by chronic infectious pathologies of the respiratory tract;
- Intestinal dysbiosis (in combination with specific therapy);
- Acute allergic, toxic-allergic conditions;
- Atopic dermatitis complicated by a purulent infection;
- Rehabilitation for frequent and long-term illnesses.
Pills
Tablets are prescribed to patients over 12 years of age for the prevention and treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases of bacterial, viral, fungal etiology (in the stage of exacerbation and remission) that are not amenable to standard therapy.
As part of complex therapy:
- Acute and chronic infectious and inflammatory pathologies of the oropharynx, upper respiratory tract, paranasal sinuses, middle and inner ear;
- Bronchial asthma, hay fever and other diseases of allergic origin, complicated by recurrent bacterial, viral or fungal infections;
- Rehabilitation for long-term and frequently ill patients (more than 4-5 times a year).
Rectal and vaginal suppositories
As part of the complex therapy for patients over 6 years old:
- Chronic recurrent infectious and inflammatory diseases in the stage of exacerbation and remission in the absence of clinical effect with standard therapy;
- Acute viral, bacterial and fungal infections;
- Urethritis, cystitis, pyelonephritis, prostatitis, salpingo-oophoritis, endomyometritis, colpitis, cervicitis, cervicosis, bacterial vaginosis and other urogenital inflammatory diseases of viral etiology;
- Allergic diseases that are complicated by recurrent viral, bacterial or fungal infections (including hay fever, atopic dermatitis, bronchial asthma);
- Various forms of tuberculosis;
- Rheumatoid arthritis (with long-term treatment with immunosuppressants);
- Rheumatoid arthritis complicated by acute respiratory infections or acute respiratory viral infections;
- Activation of regenerative processes, including burns, fractures, trophic ulcers;
- Oncology (during and after radiation and / or chemotherapy in order to reduce the nephro- and hepatotoxic effects of drugs);
- Rehabilitation of patients with long-term illnesses with a frequency of 4-5 times a year.
In addition, the use of Polyoxidonium in the form of tablets and suppositories is indicated as monotherapy:
- Prevention of seasonal exacerbations of foci of chronic infections of the oropharynx, upper respiratory tract, paranasal sinuses, middle and inner ear;
- Prevention of recurrent herpes infection;
- Prevention of acute respiratory infections (including influenza) in the pre-epidemic period in patients with reduced immunity;
- Correction of secondary immunodeficiencies, the appearance of which is associated with aging or exposure to adverse factors.
Contraindications
The use of Polyoxidonium is contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity to the drug components.
Azoximer bromide should be used with caution when treating patients with acute renal failure.
Lyophilisate and suppositories should not be prescribed during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
It is recommended to take pills with caution with glucose-galactose malabsorption syndrome, lactase deficiency, lactose intolerance.
Age restrictions:
- Lyophilisate: up to 6 months - with caution;
- Tablets: up to 12 years old;
- Suppositories: up to 6 years.
Instructions for use of Polyoxidonium: method and dosage
Lyophilisate
The lyophilisate is intended for parenteral (intramuscular (i / m) or intravenous (i / v)), intranasal administration and sublingual administration in children.
Solution preparation rules:
- IM administration: for adults - dissolve the contents of 1 bottle (6 mg) in 1.5-2 ml of water for injection or 0.9% sodium chloride solution; for children - dissolve 3 mg of the drug in 1 ml of 0.9% sodium chloride solution or water for injection;
- Intravenous drip: for adults - dissolve the contents of 1 bottle (6 mg) in 2 ml of 5% dextrose solution, 0.9% sodium chloride solution, hemodez-N or rheopolyglucin, then mix with the selected solution in a volume of 200-400 ml; for children - dissolve 3 mg in 1.5-2 ml of 0.9% sodium chloride solution, hemodez-N, reopolyglucin or 5% dextrose solution, then transfer the resulting solution into a bottle with 150-250 ml of the selected solution;
- Intranasal administration: for adults - the contents of 1 bottle (6 mg), for children - ½ bottle (3 mg), should be dissolved in 1 ml of 0.9% sodium chloride solution, distilled or boiled water at room temperature.
One drop of the resulting solution for intranasal administration in children contains 0.15 mg of azoxymer bromide. This solution is also used for sublingual use, it can be stored for no more than 7 days in the refrigerator, before use, the pipette is heated to room temperature.
The solution for parenteral administration should be prepared before direct use.
The route of administration and the dose is determined by the doctor based on clinical indications, taking into account the patient's age.
Recommended dosage for parenteral administration:
- Acute inflammatory pathologies: for adults - 6 mg per day for 3 days, then - once every 2 days, only 5-10 injections; children - at the rate of 0.1 mg per 1 kg of the child's weight per day, the procedure is carried out every other day, in total - 5-7 injections;
- Inflammatory diseases of chronic genesis: adults - 6 mg once a day every other day (5 injections), then - 2 times a week, the course of treatment - at least 10 injections; children - 0.15 mg per 1 kg of weight every 3 days, the course of treatment - up to 10 injections;
- Tuberculosis: 6-12 mg 2 times a week, the course of treatment is 10-20 injections;
- Acute and chronic urogenital pathologies: 6 mg every other day, only 10 injections in combination with chemotherapy drugs;
- Chronic recurrent herpes: 6 mg every other day, the course of therapy is 10 injections with the simultaneous administration of antiviral agents, interferons and inducers of interferon synthesis;
- Complicated forms of allergic diseases: adults - 6 mg 1 time per day for 2 days, then every other day, only 5 injections; children - i / m at 0.1 mg per 1 kg of body weight per day after 1-2 days, in total - 5 injections in combination with basic therapy;
- Acute allergic and toxic-allergic conditions (IV in combination with antiallergic drugs): adults - 6-12 mg, children - 0.15 mg per 1 kg of weight;
- Rheumatoid arthritis: 6 mg every other day - 5 injections, then 2 times a week, not less than 10 injections in total;
- Chemotherapy for oncological pathologies: 6-12 mg every other day, the course is at least 10 injections, then the frequency of administration is assigned individually, taking into account the tolerance and duration of radiation and chemotherapy;
- Correction of immunodeficiency after surgical removal of the tumor, radiation and chemotherapy, prevention of immunosuppressive action: 6-12 mg 1-2 times a week for a long period.
In acute renal failure, the drug should be administered no more than 2 times a week.
Recommended dosage for intranasal administration:
- Adults: 3 drops in each nasal passage 3 times a day for 5-10 days;
- Children: 1-3 drops in one nasal passage 2-4 times a day.
Sublingual administration of the solution to children (for all indications): 0.15 mg per 1 kg of body weight per day for 10 days, and with intestinal dysbiosis - 10-20 days.
Pills
Polyoxidonium tablets are used sublingually (placed under the tongue until completely dissolved) and orally 20-30 minutes before meals.
The dose and method of administration are prescribed by the doctor based on clinical indications.
Recommended dosing regimen for sublingual use:
- Inflammatory pathologies of bacterial, viral or fungal etiology of the oral cavity and pharynx: 1 pc. every 12 hours (2 times a day). The course of treatment is 10-14 days;
- Severe forms of fungal or herpes infection of the oral cavity: 1 pc. every 8 hours (3 times a day) for 15 days;
- Chronic sinusitis or otitis media: 1 pc. 2 times a day, duration of admission - 5-10 days;
- Chronic tonsillitis: 1 pc. 3 times a day for 10-15 days;
- Chronic diseases of the upper respiratory tract: 2 times a day, adults - 2 pcs., Adolescents - 1 pc., Course of treatment - 10-14 days;
- Prevention in the pre-epidemic period of acute respiratory infections and influenza in patients with acute respiratory infections more than 4 times a year: 2 times a day, adults - 2 pcs., Adolescents - 1 pc., Course duration - 10-15 days.
In the treatment of chronic diseases of the upper respiratory tract, tablets are prescribed orally 2 times a day in a dose: adults - 2 pcs., Adolescents - 1 pc. within 10-14 days.
Suppositories
Suppositories 6 and 12 mg are intended for rectal and intravaginal administration in adults, 6 mg - rectally in children.
The dosage regimen and route of administration are prescribed by the doctor based on clinical indications.
For rectal administration, you must first cleanse the intestines.
The drug is administered intravaginally at night in the supine position.
The standard therapy regimen: 1 suppository per day for 3 consecutive days, then every other day, only 10-20 suppositories. After 3-4 months, the course of treatment can be repeated.
In chronic immune deficiency, long-term maintenance therapy is indicated: adults - at a dose of 12 mg, children - 6 mg, 1-2 times a week for 2-12 months (as part of complex treatment).
Recommended dosage as part of complex therapy:
- Chronic infectious and inflammatory diseases: in the acute form - the standard scheme, in remission - 12 mg every 1-2 days, only 10-15 suppositories;
- Acute infectious processes, activation of regenerative processes: 1 suppository 1 time per day for 10-15 days;
- Tuberculosis: the standard regimen, at least 15 suppositories in total, then 1 suppository every 3 days for 2-3 months (supportive therapy);
- Rheumatoid arthritis, rehabilitation of patients with frequent and long-term illnesses throughout the year: 1 suppository every other day, 10-15 suppositories in total;
- Correction of secondary immunodeficiencies: 1 suppository every 3 days, at least 10 suppositories in total, the course should be repeated 2-3 times a year;
- Oncology (with chemotherapy and radiation therapy): before the start of the course - 1 suppository daily for 2-3 days, then - individually, depending on the duration and nature of radiation and chemotherapy.
Monotherapy:
- Prevention of seasonal exacerbations of infectious chronic diseases, recurrent herpes infection: every other day - for adults - 6-12 mg, for children - 6 mg, only 10 suppositories;
- Correction of secondary immunodeficiencies, prevention of influenza and acute respiratory infections: standard regimen;
- Gynecological pathologies: standard therapy regimen (rectally and intravaginally).
Side effects
According to the instructions, Polyoxidonium in the recommended doses for indications usually does not cause undesirable effects.
A solution of the drug can cause soreness at the injection site with intramuscular injection.
Overdose
To date, no cases of Polyoxidonium overdose have been reported.
special instructions
Do not exceed the dosage recommended by your doctor and the duration of the course of treatment.
To reduce pain with intramuscular administration, the drug can be dissolved in 1 ml of a 0.25% solution of procaine, provided that the patient does not have hypersensitivity to it.
With intravenous (drip) administration, infusion solutions containing protein cannot be used to dissolve the lyophilisate.
The tablets do not affect the patient's ability to drive vehicles and mechanisms.
Application during pregnancy and lactation
The drug is contraindicated for use during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
Experimental studies on animals have not revealed a negative effect of Polyoxidonium on the fertility of females and males. Also, no teratogenic and embryotoxic action of the drug and its effect on fetal development during the entire pregnancy and during lactation were found.
Pediatric use
Polyoxidonium tablets are contraindicated in children under 12 years of age.
Lyophilisate for preparation of solution for injection and topical application is not prescribed for children under 6 months.
Polyoxidonium in the form of suppositories in a dosage of 6 mg is contraindicated in children under 6 years of age, and in a dosage of 12 mg - in children and adolescents under 18 years of age.
With impaired renal function
The drug in the form of a lyophilisate and suppositories is not used in patients with acute renal failure (tablets are used with caution).
In chronic renal failure, Polyoxidonium injections are carried out no more than twice a week, and suppositories are prescribed with caution.
For violations of liver function
The drug in the form of suppositories is used with caution in patients with impaired liver function.
Drug interactions
Polyoxidonium is compatible with antifungal, antiviral, antihistamines, antibiotics, bronchodilators, glucocorticosteroids, cytostatics, in addition, tablets with beta-adrenergic agonists.
Analogs
Analogs of Polyoxidonium are: Engystol, Neuroferon, Florexil, Vilozen, Actinolizat, Gerbion, Bioaron, Anaferon, Arpetolid, Arpeflu, Immunofan, Affinoleukin, Isofon, Gepon, Bestin, Broncho-Vaxom, Gluttivaxim, Ribmunilominal, Tsibmunalitov 3, Polimuramil, Ismigen.
Terms and conditions of storage
Keep out of the reach of children.
Store in a dark, dry place at a temperature: lyophilisate - 4-8 ° C, tablets - 4-25 ° C, suppositories - 2-15 ° C.
Shelf life is 2 years.
Terms of dispensing from pharmacies
Polyoxidonium in the form of a lyophilisate is available by prescription. In the form of tablets, rectal and vaginal suppositories - without a prescription.
Reviews about Polyoxidonium
The drug is an effective remedy for chronic and complicated diseases that cannot be treated with standard therapeutic methods.
According to reviews, Polyoxidonium, used in complex treatment, facilitates the course of the disease and promotes a speedy recovery, and the effect of the drug is manifested regardless of the selected dosage form.
Polyoxidonium is a good prophylactic agent and helps to reduce the incidence of diseases in childhood, and also promotes quick adaptation in kindergarten or school.
The drug in the form of rectal and vaginal suppositories is easy to use and well tolerated by both adults and children. Polyoxidonium injections have a positive effect on patients whose bodies are weakened by oncological diseases.
In rare negative reviews of the drug, it is said that it did not improve the patient's condition and did not bring visible changes, which in some cases is due to an incorrectly selected treatment regimen. The high cost of the drug is also reported, but this disadvantage is compensated for by its effectiveness and long-term action.
Price for Polyoxidonium in pharmacies
Currently, the price range for Polyoxidonium in pharmacies is as follows:
- 12 mg tablets (10 pcs. in a package) - 575-760 rubles;
- vaginal / rectal suppositories 6 mg (10 pcs. in a package) - 790-915 rubles;
- vaginal / rectal suppositories 12 mg (10 pcs. in a package) - 970-1100 rubles;
- lyophilisate for preparation of solution for injections 3 mg (5 vials per package) - 660-750 rubles;
- lyophilisate for the preparation of a solution for injection 6 mg (5 vials per package) - 730-1200 rubles.
Polyoxidonium: prices in online pharmacies
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Drug name Price Pharmacy |
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Polyoxidonium 12 mg tablets 10 pcs. 725 RUB Buy |
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Polyoxidonium 3 mg lyophilisate for preparation of solution for injection and topical application 5 pcs. 758 RUB Buy |
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Polyoxidonium tablets 12mg 10 pcs. RUB 785 Buy |
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Polyoxidonium 6 mg, vaginal and rectal suppositories 10 pcs. 836 RUB Buy |
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Polyoxidonium 12 mg, vaginal and rectal suppositories 10 pcs. RUB 1003 Buy |
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Polyoxidonium 6 mg lyophilisate for preparation of solution for injection and topical application 5 pcs. 1169 RUB Buy |
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Polyoxidonium lyoph. for prig of solution for in. and local approx. 6mg fl. 5 pieces. 1328 RUB Buy |
Anna Kozlova Medical journalist About the author
Education: Rostov State Medical University, specialty "General Medicine".
Information about the drug is generalized, provided for informational purposes only and does not replace the official instructions. Self-medication is hazardous to health!
