Overdose by Suprastin
Suprastin is the trade name for chloropyramine hydrochloride, a first generation antihistamine. The mechanism of its action is associated with the competitive blocking of H1-histamine receptors.
Source: med-explorer.ru
Histamine is a biologically active substance through which immediate allergic reactions are carried out in the body. In the normal state, it is in an inactive, bound form, but when exposed to allergens, free histamine is released in large quantities into the systemic circulation and contacts histamine receptors, provoking a number of pathological reactions:
- spasm of smooth muscles (including the muscles of the bronchi);
- increase in the permeability of the vascular walls of the capillaries;
- lowering blood pressure (BP);
- stagnation of blood in the microvasculature and, as a result, edema of the surrounding tissues and thickening of the blood.
Suprastin binds to H1 receptors, blocking them and preventing contact with histamine molecules, thereby eliminating its physiological effects. In addition to blocking histamine, Suprastin has an m-anticholinergic effect (pupil dilation, increased intraocular pressure, increased heart rate, decreased blood pressure and contractility of smooth muscles of the bronchi, gastrointestinal tract, bladder, uterus, decreased secretion of bronchial, digestive and sweat glands), has antiemetic effect, moderate antispasmodic activity.
The main forms of release of Suprastin are 25 mg tablets and a solution for intramuscular and intravenous administration of 20 mg / 1 ml.
Absorption from the gastrointestinal tract after taking a dose of the drug is rapid: the effect occurs in 15-30 minutes, reaches a maximum within 1 hour and lasts for 6 hours.
The main indications for taking Suprastin are:
- serum sickness;
- hives;
- itchy skin;
- seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis;
- conjunctivitis;
- contact dermatitis;
- atopic dermatitis;
- allergic reactions to insect bites;
- acute and chronic eczema;
- food and drug allergies;
- angioedema (Quincke's edema) - in complex therapy.
How much Suprastin is needed for an overdose?
The daily dosage of Suprastin for adult patients is 50–75 mg. If necessary, it can be increased to 150 mg, which corresponds to 6 tablets (according to some sources - up to 100 mg).
Children of the first year of life receive a maximum of 12.5 mg / day of the drug. Children from 1 to 6 years old - 25 mg and from 6 to 14 years old - no more than 75 mg / day.
If the indicated dosages are exceeded, acute intoxication may develop.
The risk group for an overdose of Suprastin includes:
- premature babies;
- children of the first year of life;
- patients with chronic liver and kidney diseases;
- elderly patients.
For this group, it is necessary to select an individual dose, since an overdose can also be caused by a therapeutic dose of the drug.
Sedatives and hypnotics, other substances acting on the central nervous system, eye drops for the treatment of glaucoma enhance the effect of Suprastin, which can lead to increased symptoms of intoxication in case of an overdose. For the same reason, alcohol is prohibited during drug treatment.
Signs of overdose
Signs of an overdose with Suprastin in children and adults differ.
Most often, acute intoxication when the maximum therapeutic dose of the drug is exceeded in children is manifested by the following symptoms:
- speech and motor excitement;
- increased anxiety, tearfulness;
- hallucinations;
- athetosis (involuntary slow, non-sweeping pretentious movements in the hands and feet, which can spread to the entire limb, as well as the muscles of the head, tongue, face (stretching the lips, twisting the mouth, grimacing));
- violation of coordination, stability (both when walking and in a standing position);
- convulsions;
- dilation and immobility of the pupils;
- dry mouth;
- decrease in urination;
- tachycardia;
- hyperemia of the skin of the face;
- increased body temperature;
- in severe cases - vascular collapse, coma.
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In adults, with an overdose of Suprastin, it is noted:
- fever and hyperemia of the skin of the face, which are unstable;
- psychomotor agitation, alternating with depression of consciousness;
- convulsions;
- in severe cases, the development of coma, concomitant heart and respiratory failure, which can lead to the death of the patient within 2-18 hours.
First aid for overdose Suprastin
- Gastric lavage with 1-1.5 liters of warm water or a light pink solution of potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate), for which you need to drink the liquid and, by pressing on the root of the tongue, provoke an emetic urge.
- Reception of enterosorbent (Activated charcoal at the rate of 1 tablet per 10 kg of body weight or Enterosgel, Polyphepan, Polysorb, Lactofiltrum according to the scheme).
- Taking a saline laxative (Magnesia).
Gastric lavage is effective for 12 hours after taking an excessive dose of the drug, since the anticholinergic effect of Suprastin helps to delay the evacuation of food from the stomach into the intestines.
Antidote
There is no specific antidote to Suprastin.
When is medical attention required?
Medical assistance in case of an overdose of Suprastin is necessary if:
- the fever is persistent, not amenable to correction;
- active neurological symptoms developed (uncontrollable agitation, seizures, unsteadiness of gait, instability, athetosis, hallucinations);
- persistent high tachycardia is noted;
- no urination;
- there is a drop in blood pressure below 80/50 mm Hg. Art.;
- the victim is inaccessible to contact, is in an unconscious state or a state of oppressed consciousness;
- injured child, pregnant woman, elderly person.
After providing emergency care, if necessary (depending on the severity of the condition), the ambulance team is transported to the specialized department of the hospital, where specific treatment is carried out:
- oxygen therapy, artificial ventilation of the lungs for the correction of emerging or probable hypoxic damage;
- anticonvulsants (Benzobamil, Carbamazepine, benzodiazepine derivatives, Phenobarbital, etc.);
- medication support for the functions of the heart and respiratory system, if necessary.
Possible consequences
An overdose of Suprastin, especially in people at risk, can be fatal. Other consequences:
- encephalopathy;
- transient disorders of psychomotor functions;
- arrhythmia;
- acute renal or hepatic impairment;
- acute heart failure;
- acute respiratory failure;
- collapse, coma.
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Olesya Smolnyakova Therapy, clinical pharmacology and pharmacotherapy About the author
Education: higher, 2004 (GOU VPO "Kursk State Medical University"), specialty "General Medicine", qualification "Doctor". 2008-2012 - Postgraduate student of the Department of Clinical Pharmacology, KSMU, Candidate of Medical Sciences (2013, specialty "Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology"). 2014-2015 - professional retraining, specialty "Management in education", FSBEI HPE "KSU".
The information is generalized and provided for informational purposes only. At the first sign of illness, see your doctor. Self-medication is hazardous to health!
