Urology
The area of urology research is diseases of the genitourinary system in men and the urinary system in women. Sometimes diseases of the reproductive system in men are distinguished into a separate area - andrology, which, nevertheless, belongs to urology, since these two systems in the man's body are directly connected. Also the area of urology is nephrology - a direction dealing with the treatment of kidney disease. A special place is occupied by pediatric urology, whose competence includes, in addition to the above, the elimination of congenital anomalies of the urinary and reproductive systems.
The urinary system is very important for the normal functioning of the body, and diseases of the organs that ensure its activity always lead to severe pathology, since intoxication products accumulate in the body, gradually poisoning it.
Recently, due to the increased accuracy of diagnostic methods in urology, it has been established that a significant proportion of urological pathology is caused by a special group of pathogens, the so-called urogenital infection, or abbreviated as UGI. This is a heterogeneous group of microorganisms, which includes bacteria, viruses, yeast-like fungi, mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas. What unites them is that the organs of the genitourinary system serve as their target organs. Urogenital infection is practically not transmitted by airborne droplets, the main routes of transmission are domestic and sexual, and the sexual route prevails, especially in adult patients.
Pediatric urology is less likely to encounter diseases caused by UHI, more often congenital pathology or pathology associated with neuroendocrine disorders plays a role, therefore, pediatric urology, however, like urology dealing with adult problems, is closely related to neurology.
In urology, treatment is carried out by surgical and conservative methods. Currently, most surgical interventions are carried out using minimally invasive endoscopic techniques, which has significantly increased the effectiveness of the treatment of many diseases, and previously reduced a large number of complications. Now, by means of endoscopy and microsurgery, it has become possible to successfully eliminate pathology that was previously considered incurable, including some developmental anomalies even in newborn children.
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