Loperamide
Loperamide: instructions for use and reviews
- 1. Release form and composition
- 2. Pharmacological properties
- 3. Indications for use
- 4. Contraindications
- 5. Method of application and dosage
- 6. Side effects
- 7. Overdose
- 8. Special instructions
- 9. Application during pregnancy and lactation
- 10. Use in childhood
- 11. For violations of liver function
- 12. Drug interactions
- 13. Analogs
- 14. Terms and conditions of storage
- 15. Terms of dispensing from pharmacies
- 16. Reviews
- 17. Price in pharmacies
Latin name: Loperamide
ATX code: A07DA03
Active ingredient: loperamide (loperamide)
Producer: Biocom, CJSC (Russia), Severnaya Zvezda, CJSC (Russia), Manufacture of medicines, LLC (Russia), Ozon, LLC (Russia), Farmakor Production, LLC (Russia), Lekhim-Kharkov, CJSC (Ukraine)
Description and photo update: 2019-19-08
Prices in pharmacies: from 8 rubles.
Buy
Loperamide is a symptomatic antidiarrheal agent.
Release form and composition
Dosage forms:
- Tablets: flat-cylindrical, with a dividing line and a chamfer, white or white with a yellow tinge (in a blister strip of 10 pcs., In a cardboard box 1-2 packs, or 20 pcs., In a cardboard box 1 pack; 100 or 200 pcs. In high-pressure polyethylene bottles, 72 bottles in a cardboard box);
- Capsules (in a blister strip: 10 pcs., In a cardboard box 1, 2 or 3 packages; 5 pcs., In a cardboard box 2 or 4 packages; 7 pcs., In a cardboard box 1, 2 or 4 packages; in a glass jar of dark color or a polymer bottle of 20 pcs., in a cardboard box 1 can or 1 bottle).
The active ingredient of Loperamide is loperamide hydrochloride:
- 1 tablet - 2 mg;
- 1 capsule - 2 mg.
Auxiliary components:
- Tablets: lactose, magnesium stearate, potato starch, polyvinylpyrrolidone;
- Capsules: milk sugar, magnesium stearate, corn starch, aerosil, talc.
Pharmacological properties
Pharmacodynamics
The action of the drug is due to the binding of loperamide hydrochloride to the opioid receptors of the intestinal wall (stimulation of cholinergic and adrenergic neurons occurs through guanine nucleotides).
The main effects of the drug:
- decreased tone and motility of intestinal smooth muscles;
- slowing down the passage of intestinal contents;
- decrease in excretion of electrolytes and fluids with feces;
- increasing the tone of the anal sphincter, which helps to retain feces and reduce the number of urges to defecate.
The therapeutic effect occurs quickly, its duration is on average 4 to 6 hours.
Pharmacokinetics
Loperamide hydrochloride absorption is 40%. With max (maximum concentration of the substance) is reached in 2.5 hours. The connection with plasma proteins is 97%.
The half-life is in the range of 9 to 14 hours. Almost completely metabolized in the liver by conjugation. Does not penetrate the blood-brain barrier.
Excretion is carried out mainly through the intestines, a small amount is excreted by the kidneys (as conjugated metabolites).
Indications for use
According to the instructions, Loperamide is indicated for the symptomatic treatment of chronic and acute diarrhea of various etiologies, including drug, allergic, emotional and radiation, as well as diarrhea caused by changes in the qualitative composition of food and diet, metabolic and absorption disorders.
The drug is prescribed for the regulation of stool during ileostomy and as part of the complex therapy of infectious diarrhea.
Contraindications
- Monotherapy for infections of the gastrointestinal tract (including acute dysentery);
- Ulcerative colitis in the acute stage;
- Pseudomembranous enterocolitis;
- Intestinal obstruction;
- I trimester of pregnancy;
- Breastfeeding period;
- Hypersensitivity to drug components.
The drug should be prescribed with caution to patients with hepatic insufficiency and functional liver disorders.
The appointment of loperamide in the II and III trimesters of pregnancy is possible only if the potential threat to the fetus is less than the expected effect of therapy for the mother.
In addition, the use of Loperamide is contraindicated:
- Tablets: for constipation, bloating, subileus; children under the age of 4;
- Capsules: for glucose-galactose malabsorption, lactose intolerance, lactase deficiency, diverticulosis, children under 6 years of age.
Instructions for the use of Loperamide: method and dosage
Loperamide tablets are used lingually (by putting on the tongue and waiting for a few seconds for its complete dissolution, then swallowed with saliva without drinking water). Recommended dosage for adults: acute diarrhea - 2 tablets (initial dose), then 1 tablet after each loose stool, but not more than 8 tablets per day; chronic diarrhea - 1 tablet (first dose), then individually select the dose at which the patient's stool frequency does not exceed one to two times a day (from 1 to 6 tablets). Dosage of Loperamide for children: 4-8 years old - ½ tablet 3-4 times a day, duration of administration is 3 days; 9-12 years old - 1 tablet 4 times a day, course of treatment - 5 days;
Loperamide capsules are swallowed whole with water. At the beginning of therapy for acute or chronic diarrhea, adults take 2 capsules, then 1 capsule after each bowel movement with a liquid structure of feces. The maximum daily dose is 8 capsules. Children over 6 years of age with acute diarrhea are prescribed 1 capsule after each loose stool, but not more than 3 capsules per day. If there is no bowel movement for more than 12 hours, the drug should be discontinued.
Side effects
- Tablets: digestive system - nausea, dry mouth, bloating, abdominal pain, constipation; nervous system - drowsiness, fatigue, dizziness; allergic reactions - skin rash;
- Capsules: the appearance of an allergic reaction (skin rash), drowsiness or insomnia, dizziness, hypovolemia, electrolyte disturbances, pain or discomfort in the abdomen, intestinal colic, dry mouth, nausea, gastralgia, vomiting, flatulence; rarely - urinary retention; extremely rare - intestinal obstruction.
Overdose
The main symptoms: intestinal obstruction, depression of the central nervous system (manifested in the form of muscle hypertension, stupor, impaired coordination, miosis, drowsiness, respiratory depression).
The antidote is naloxone. Given that the duration of action of loperamide is longer than that of naloxone, re-administration of the latter may be required.
Symptomatic therapy: gastric lavage, the appointment of activated charcoal, artificial ventilation. After an overdose, medical supervision is indicated for at least 48 hours.
special instructions
In the absence of a clinical effect after two days of taking loperamide, it is necessary to consult a doctor to clarify the diagnosis and exclude the infectious nature of the disease.
If bloating or constipation occurs, the drug should be discontinued.
During therapy, it is necessary to carefully monitor the condition of patients with hepatic insufficiency and functional liver disorders, since there is a risk of toxic damage to the nervous system.
When treating diarrhea, the patient is shown to drink plenty of fluids, it is recommended to regularly compensate for the loss of fluid and electrolytes.
Do not use Loperamide tablets in clinical situations requiring inhibition of intestinal motility.
For the treatment of an overdose of loperamide, naloxone should be used as an antidote.
During the period of taking the drug, patients need to be careful when performing potentially hazardous types of work that require an increased speed of psychomotor reactions and concentration of attention, including driving.
Influence on the ability to drive vehicles and complex mechanisms
During the period of therapy with Loperamide, patients should be careful while driving.
Application during pregnancy and lactation
- I trimester of pregnancy, lactation period: therapy is contraindicated;
- II-III trimesters of pregnancy: Loperamide can be used after a doctor has assessed the risk-to-benefit ratio.
Pediatric use
The appointment of Loperamide capsules for children under 6 years of age, tablets for children under 4 years of age is contraindicated.
For violations of liver function
With liver failure, therapy is carried out under medical supervision.
Drug interactions
Concomitant use with cholestyramine may reduce the effectiveness of the drug.
The combination of loperamide with ritonavir or co-trimoxazole increases its bioavailability.
Analogs
Loperamide analogs are: Vero-Loperamide, Diara, Imodium, Lopedium, Loperamide-Akrikhin, Loperamide Grindeks, Imodium Plus, Usara, Loflatil, Diaremiks.
Terms and conditions of storage
Keep out of the reach of children. Store in a dark, dry place at temperatures up to 25 ° C.
Shelf life: tablets - 3 years, capsules - 2 years.
Terms of dispensing from pharmacies
Available without a prescription.
Reviews of Loperamide
According to reviews, Loperamide is an inexpensive, affordable, effective and fast-acting drug. Users note that it does not help with diarrhea of infectious etiology. Side effects are rarely reported.
Loperamide price in pharmacies
The approximate price for Loperamide is 6-15 rubles. (20 tablets in a package), 11-28 rubles. (10 capsules in the package).
Loperamide: prices in online pharmacies
|
Drug name Price Pharmacy |
|
Loperamide 2 mg tablets 10 pcs. RUB 8 Buy |
|
Loperamide 2 mg tablets 20 pcs. RUB 9 Buy |
|
Loperamide 2 mg capsule 10 pcs. RUB 13 Buy |
|
Loperamide 2 mg tablets 20 pcs. RUB 13 Buy |
|
Loperamide Grindeks 2 mg capsules 10 pcs. RUB 13 Buy |
|
Loperamide 2 mg capsule 20 pcs. RUB 23 Buy |
|
Loperamide 2 mg capsule 20 pcs. RUB 24 Buy |
|
Loperamide Stada 2 mg capsule 20 pcs. RUB 25 Buy |
|
Loperamide 2 mg tablets 20 pcs. RUB 26 Buy |
|
Loperamide tablets 2mg 20 pcs. RUB 27 Buy |
|
Loperamide 2 mg capsule 10 pcs. 32 RUB Buy |
|
Loperamide capsules 2 mg 20 pcs. RUB 62 Buy |
| See all offers from pharmacies |
Anna Kozlova Medical journalist About the author
Education: Rostov State Medical University, specialty "General Medicine".
Information about the drug is generalized, provided for informational purposes only and does not replace the official instructions. Self-medication is hazardous to health!
