Anaprilin Overdose - Signs, First Aid, Treatment, Consequences

2024 Author: Rachel Wainwright | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-15 07:39

Anaprilin overdose

Anaprilin (international non-proprietary name - propranolol) refers to indiscriminate drugs that block the interaction of β-adrenergic receptors with catecholamines.

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The pharmacological effect of Anaprilin is in demand in cardiology, since it is manifested by a whole spectrum of changes in the activity of the cardiovascular system:

• decrease in the excitability of the heart muscle;
• a decrease in the heart rate (heart rate);
• decrease in the strength of heart contractions;
• slowing down the rate of conduction of excitation through the tissues of the heart;
• decreased vascular tone;
• reducing the likelihood of atypical foci of excitation in the myocardium;
• decrease in myocardial oxygen demand;
• lowering blood pressure (BP);
• elimination of interruptions in the heartbeat;
• antiarrhythmic activity.

In addition, Anaprilin reduces intraocular pressure, and also reduces bleeding during labor and the postoperative period.

Epinephrine and norepinephrine are the main representatives of catecholamines, which are known as the "fear hormone" and "rage hormone" respectively. By binding to β-receptors, they provoke fight-and-flight reactions: increased heart rate, increased breakdown of deposited carbohydrates, increased blood pressure, increased heart rate, etc. In patients with heart and vascular diseases, such an effect leads to an increase in painful symptoms and deterioration in general well-being. Anaprilin prevents the contact of catecholamines with the corresponding receptors, stabilizing the condition.

The indiscriminate action of Anaprilin, in which not only β ₁ -receptors in the myocardium and blood vessels are blocked, but also β ₂ -receptors located in other organs and tissues, leads to some side effects, the most significant of which are:

• increased bronchial tone;
• increased uterine tone;
• spasm of small arteries and arterioles, development of Raynaud's syndrome;
• decrease or increase in blood glucose levels;
• decreased libido;
• sleep disorders, depression.

The main indications for the appointment of Anaprilin:

• arterial hypertension (both primary and secondary);
• angina pectoris;
• tachycardia, including symptomatic;
• extrasystole;
• cardiomyopathy;
• mitral valve prolapse;
• subaortic stenosis (narrowing of the aortic lumen);
• vegetative vascular dystonia;
• portal hypertension;
• tremor;
• prevention of migraine;
• climacteric symptoms (hot flashes, pressure surges, etc.);
• withdrawal symptoms;
• hemangioma (benign vascular tumor) in newborns.

Anaprilin is produced in tablets, including depot capsules, in the form (10 mg, 40 mg or 80 mg) and in the form of a 0.1% solution.

How much Anaprilin is needed for an overdose?

The maximum daily dose for adults is 320 mg (4, 8 or 32 tablets, depending on the dosage - 80, 40 and 10 mg, respectively). In exceptional cases, with caution, it is possible to increase the dose to 640 mg / day.

The use of the drug by children under 12 years of age is undesirable, since there is no sufficient evidence base for the safety of the drug for this group of patients. However, if the expected benefits of pharmacotherapy outweigh the risks of possible complications, Anaprilin is prescribed individually, based on the ratio of 0.5-1 mg per 1 kg of body weight per day for the initial dose, and 2-4 mg per 1 kg of body weight per day for maintenance. dose. The calculated daily dose is divided into two doses.

Exceeding the indicated doses leads to the development of an acute overdose.

Signs of overdose

The main symptoms of an acute overdose include:

• slowness of reactions, lethargy or, conversely, psychomotric agitation;
• dizziness, headache;
• loss of consciousness;
• a feeling of fear of death, increased anxiety, possibly a violation of orientation in time and place;
• cyanosis of the skin, acrocyanosis;
• difficulty breathing up to choking (bronchospasm);
• marked decrease in blood pressure;
• sharp bradycardia;
• heart rhythm disturbances;
• convulsions.

The likelihood of an overdose increases with alcohol concurrent with Anaprilin.

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First aid for overdose

1. Gastric lavage, for which it is necessary to simultaneously drink 1-1.5 liters of water or a slightly pink solution of potassium permanganate and provoke an emetic urge by pressing on the root of the tongue.
2. Reception of enterosorbent (Enterosgel, Polysorb, Lactofiltrum according to the scheme or Activated carbon at the rate of 1 tablet per 10 kg of body weight).
3. Taking a saline laxative (magnesium sulfate).
4. If the victim is in a state of clinical death (absence of pulse in the carotid arteries, pupil response to light, respiration and consciousness), it is necessary to immediately start performing basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation techniques, to carry it out until breathing and cardiac activity resume, or before an ambulance arrives.

Antidote

There is no specific antidote to Anaprilin.

When is medical attention required?

Medical assistance is needed in a number of cases:

• a pregnant woman, child or elderly person is injured;
• BP is fixed at a level below 80/50 mm Hg. Art.;
• there is bradycardia less than 50 beats / min;
• the victim is in a state of oppressed consciousness, inaccessible to contact or partially accessible;
• developed a sharp shortness of breath, choking with light exertion or at rest;
• interruptions in the work of the heart are noted.

After providing emergency care, depending on the severity of the condition, the victim is hospitalized in the cardiology or intensive care unit of the hospital, where he receives specific therapy:

• m-anticholinergics to eliminate violations of atrioventricular conduction (Atropine);
• β-adrenergic agonists that eliminate bronchospasm, bradycardia, hypotension (Isoprenaline, Izadrin);
• sedatives to relieve anxiety, feelings of fear (Diazepam, Lorazepam);
• cardiotonic drugs that increase the force of contraction of the heart, with the development of heart failure (Dobutamine, Dopamine, Epinephrine);
• with the development of ventricular extrasystole - Lidocaine;
• setting a temporary pacemaker if necessary.

Possible consequences

The consequences of an overdose with Anaprilin can be:

• acute renal failure;
• acute heart failure;
• collapse;
• atrioventricular block;
• broncho- or laryngospasm;
• acute fetal hypoxia in pregnant women;
• coma, death.

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Olesya Smolnyakova Therapy, clinical pharmacology and pharmacotherapy About the author

Education: higher, 2004 (GOU VPO "Kursk State Medical University"), specialty "General Medicine", qualification "Doctor". 2008-2012 - Postgraduate student of the Department of Clinical Pharmacology, KSMU, Candidate of Medical Sciences (2013, specialty "Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology"). 2014-2015 - professional retraining, specialty "Management in education", FSBEI HPE "KSU".

The information is generalized and provided for informational purposes only. At the first sign of illness, see your doctor. Self-medication is hazardous to health!