Diet for type 1 and type 2 diabetes
The purpose of the diet for diabetes is the desire to normalize metabolic processes in the body. The most important indicator of the correct selection of the menu in diabetes mellitus is a persistent decrease in blood sugar levels.
General principles of diabetes mellitus diet
In order to exclude sharp jumps in blood glucose and to ensure uniform absorption of carbohydrates in the intestines, the diet for diabetes should be based on fractional five meals a day - three main meals and two snacks.
All meals should be balanced in terms of volume. So, breakfast should be about 25% of the daily volume of calories consumed, lunch about 45%, and dinner no more than 15%. Each of the snacks should "weigh" about 10-15% of the daily calorie intake.
The chemical composition of the diet for diabetes should look like this:
- proteins - 20%,
- fats - 30%,
- carbohydrates - 50%.
In the overwhelming majority of cases, patients with diabetes mellitus suffer from overweight. In order to reduce weight, the amount of fat in the diet of patients with diabetes mellitus should be reduced.
It is imperative to maintain a physiological drinking regime. So the amount of liquid you drink should be 30 ml per 1 kg of the patient's body weight.
When organizing nutrition for patients with diabetes mellitus, it will be necessary to exclude foods with a high glycemic index from the diet:
- all kinds of sweets,
- sweet fruits - grapes, melons, persimmons, tangerines, etc.,
- wheat bread and baked goods,
- sweet drinks - carbonated and alcoholic,
- beer and kvass,
- fats - mayonnaise, butter, etc.,
- liver and fish caviar,
- spices, smoked meats, spicy dishes,
- some types of carbohydrates - mashed potatoes, boiled rice,
- processed cheeses.
Since patients with diabetes mellitus often develop various liver pathologies, their nutrition should be aimed at normalizing its functions. For this purpose, fatty and fried foods are excluded from the diet of patients with diabetes mellitus, and oatmeal, soy, and cottage cheese are introduced. Hard cheese is recommended low-fat and no more than 30 g per day, and eat fruit in the morning.
Carbohydrates allowed as part of a diabetes diet should be slow - buckwheat, brown rice, barley and millet. Also, the diet should contain a sufficient amount of vegetables.
Experts recommend trying to include lime in the daily diet for diabetes, and fructose should be discarded. Products such as sorbitol and stevia have proven themselves well as sweeteners.
Diet for type 1 diabetes
The information that a number of foods should be excluded from the diet for type 1 diabetes mellitus is refuted by modern research. In fact, prohibited foods do not exist. The whole point is that the diet should be drawn up by a specialist in accordance with the prescribed therapy. In this case, the amount of the product used and its ratio with others becomes important. That is, insulin therapy, a menu and an exercise plan represent a single set of mandatory measures that make up the lifestyle of patients with type 1 diabetes.
Diet for type 2 diabetes
An individual diet for type 2 diabetes mellitus is selected by a dietitian. In general, it is characterized by a low energy value and a clear ratio of proteins, fats and carbohydrates. Such a nutritional system allows you to keep blood glucose levels under control, as well as minimize the risk of developing complications of the underlying disease.
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