UAC - what is it?
The content of the article:
- Preparation and delivery of a general blood test
- General blood test rates
-
Decoding the result
- Hemoglobin
- Hematocrit
- Erythrocytes
- MCV
- MCH
- MCHC
- RDW
- Platelets
- Leukocytes
- ESR (ESR)
UAC (complete blood count, clinical blood test) is one of the main methods of laboratory diagnostics, which allows assessing the state of the human body as a whole.
A detailed blood test involves calculating the leukocyte formula, that is, determining the percentage of different types of leukocytes in the patient's peripheral blood.
UAC is prescribed for almost any initial visit to a doctor, and is also carried out as part of preventive examinations. For preventive purposes, it is recommended to take a general blood test at least once a year.
To prescribe and decipher the result of a general blood test, you should contact a qualified specialist.
Preparation and delivery of a general blood test
For a general analysis, as a rule, capillary blood (from a finger) is used, but blood can also be taken from a vein, in some cases this method is preferred, since it is believed that the study of venous blood provides a more accurate result for some indicators.
KLA, or complete blood count - the most frequently prescribed laboratory test KLA, or complete blood count - the most frequently prescribed laboratory test
Blood sampling is carried out in the morning on an empty stomach. On the eve of donating blood, fatty foods and alcohol should be excluded from the diet, as well as physical and mental overload should be avoided, smoking should not be allowed on the day of the study. For half an hour before taking blood, it is desirable for the patient to be in complete rest.
If the patient is taking medications, the doctor should be informed about this when referring to the analysis, agreeing with him the need to cancel them, since some medications can distort the results of the analysis.
General blood test rates
The table shows the reference values of indicators of a general blood test in adults. In different laboratories, depending on the research methods used, the norms may differ. In children, the norms of indicators change depending on age.
Normal values of the main indicators of the UAC
Index Normal values Hemoglobin (HGB, Hb) Women - 120-140 g / l
Men - 130-160 g / l
Hematocrit (HCT) Women - 38-47%
Men - 42-50%
Red blood cells (RBC) Women - 3.5-4.7 × 10 12 / l
Men - 4-5 × 10 12 / l
Mean erythrocyte volume (MCV) 86-98 fl Mean erythrocyte hemoglobin (MCH) 27–34 pg Mean erythrocyte hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) 32-36 g / dl Red blood cell distribution width by volume (RDW) 11-15% Platelets (PLT) 180-320 × 10 9 / l Leukocytes (WBC) 4-9 × 10 9 / l Leukocyte formula Neutrophils (segmented) - 47-72%
Neutrophils (stab) - 1-6%
Eosinophils - 0.5-5%
Basophils - 0-1%
Lymphocytes - 19-40%
Monocytes - 3-11%
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) Women - 2-15 mm / h
Men - 1-10 mm / h
Decoding the result
Hemoglobin
Exceeding the norm is noted in pulmonary heart failure, congenital malformations of the cardiovascular system, blood clots, intense physical exertion.
A decrease occurs with bleeding, hematological diseases, in infants.
Hematocrit
It increases with erythremia, extensive burns, dehydration, peritonitis, in a state of shock.
It decreases with anemia, overhydration, and also during pregnancy.
Erythrocytes
The number of red blood cells in the blood increases with erythremia, secondary erythrocytosis. Physiological increase in red blood cells occurs during stress, physical and mental overload, inappropriate nutrition, as well as in newborns.
A decrease in the number of erythrocytes is observed with iron deficiency in the body, vitamin deficiency, metastasis of malignant tumors, hemolysis, leukemia, physiological - after a meal, as well as in the time interval between 17:00 and 07:00.
MCV
The average volume of erythrocytes increases with liver pathologies, alcoholism, B 12 -deficiency and folic acid deficiency anemia.
Decreases with iron deficiency anemia, thalassemia, hyperthyroidism, poisoning with salts of heavy metals.
MCH
The average hemoglobin content in the erythrocyte increases with B 12 -deficiency and folate deficiency anemia, liver diseases.
A decrease is noted with iron deficiency anemia.
MCHC
The average concentration of hemoglobin in the erythrocyte increases in patients with spherocytosis.
A decrease is observed with a lack of iron in the body, hemoglobinopathies.
RDW
The indicator of the width of the distribution of erythrocytes by volume increases with iron deficiency, vitamin deficiency, significant leukocytosis, hemoglobinopathies.
Platelets
The platelet count in human blood is subject to daily and annual fluctuations. The number of platelets increases in tuberculosis, anemia, systemic diseases, as well as in oncology and after surgery. Physiological increase in their number occurs during intense physical exertion.
A decrease in platelets in the blood is noted in DIC syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, metastasis of malignant neoplasms in the spinal cord, infections of viral or bacterial etiology, congestive heart failure, massive blood transfusions. Physiological decrease is observed in women during menstruation and pregnancy.
Leukocytes
If the level of leukocytes in the blood is increased, more often it all means that an infectious-inflammatory process is present in the body. In addition, injury or swelling may be the cause.
A decrease in the number of leukocytes occurs in some infectious diseases, bone marrow pathologies, genetic abnormalities, poisoning with salts of heavy metals.
The percentage of different types of leukocytes is of diagnostic value for identifying a number of pathological processes, in particular, leukemia.
ESR (ESR)
An increase in the erythrocyte sedimentation rate most often serves as a sign of inflammatory processes in the body, especially infectious ones, and can also talk about some blood diseases, heart attack, stroke, liver and biliary tract diseases, tuberculosis, neoplasms, metabolic disorders.
A decrease in ESR is rare, the reasons may be: liver failure, impaired water-salt metabolism, muscle dystrophy, taking corticosteroid drugs, vegetarianism, starvation, smoking.
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Anna Aksenova Anna Aksenova Medical journalist About the author
Education: 2004-2007 "First Kiev Medical College" specialty "Laboratory Diagnostics".
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