Spray for sinusitis: remedies for treatment, a list of how to use drugs
The content of the article:
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Local antibiotic therapy
- Advantages and disadvantages of intranasal drug administration
- Antibiotic sprays for sinusitis
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Other sprays for the treatment of sinusitis
- Vasoconstrictor sprays
- Glucocorticoids
- Antihistamines and combined agents
- Herbal preparations
- Sprays based on sea salt (water)
- Video
Sinusitis, or maxillary sinusitis, is an inflammation of the paranasal sinus (or sinuses) of the nose, which occurs most often as a complication of acute rhinitis, flu, measles and other infectious diseases. According to the causative factor, the disease can have a traumatic, viral, bacterial, fungal or allergic etiology.
Intranasal administration of drugs provides high bioavailability with minimal risk of adverse reactions
An otolaryngologist is responsible for diagnostics and treatment prescription. To determine the cause of sinusitis, complaints and anamnesis are collected, palpation, rhinoscopy, plain radiography of the paranasal sinuses, and a study of nasal functions. A general analysis of blood and urine is prescribed. In some cases, additional diagnostic methods are required: rhinocytogram, contrast radiography, sinus puncture. The tactics of therapy are determined by the data obtained.
With bacterial sinusitis, the basis of treatment is systemic and local antibiotic therapy. At the same time, measures are prescribed to restore the patency of the anastomosis of the maxillary sinuses. With a mild and moderate course of sinusitis, when the symptoms are not pronounced, treatment is carried out on an outpatient basis, in severe cases - in a hospital setting.
Local antibiotic therapy
Along with systemic antibiotic therapy (and in some cases - as an alternative method of treatment), local antimicrobial drugs are used that act directly on the nasal mucosa.
It is unacceptable to introduce antibiotic solutions into the paranasal sinuses, which are intended for parenteral use. Due to their pharmacokinetic parameters, they cannot be used for these purposes.
There are special forms of antibiotics - in the form of sprays. In the case of catarrhal sinusitis, they can penetrate through the fistulas of the paranasal sinuses and directly contact the pathogen in the inflammation focus.
Advantages and disadvantages of intranasal drug administration
Intranasal administration of drugs is a fairly widely used route of administration for a number of drugs. The main advantages of this method are simplicity and ease of use, high bioavailability, and minimal risk of side effects.
At the same time, there are some disadvantages. These include:
- variability of physiological processes in the nasal cavity in different patients, which complicates the dosing regimen;
- the presence of pronounced protective mechanisms of the nasopharyngeal mucosa;
- a decrease in the therapeutic effect when the sinuses are filled with mucous or mucopurulent exudate, including with an untreated rhinitis, due to insufficient contact of the active substance with the mucous membrane.
The main contraindication for intranasal use of drugs is a violation of the mucociliary clearance of the paranasal sinuses (due to the adverse effects of large doses of antibiotic on the ciliated epithelium).
Antibiotic sprays for sinusitis
One of the most commonly used remedies for sinusitis is Isofra spray. Its active ingredient is framycetin. The drug belongs to the aminoglycoside group. The concentration of the substance, achieved when applied topically, provides its bactericidal activity against gram-positive / gram-negative microorganisms that are causative agents of infectious inflammation in the nasopharynx.
For local antibiotic therapy of bacterial sinusitis, Isofra spray is often used
The drug can be administered to both adults and children. The average course duration is 7 days.
Another effective nasal spray for sinusitis is Polydex with phenylephrine. This is a combined drug, the therapeutic effect of which is due to the effect of active substances on the nasal mucosa:
- dexamethasone: anti-inflammatory action;
- phenylephrine: vasoconstrictor action;
- neomycin and polymyxin B: antibacterial action; with the combined use of these antibiotics, the spectrum of their activity expands against the majority of gram-positive / gram-negative microorganisms, leading to the development of an inflammatory process.
Polydexa with phenylephrine is a combined drug that has anti-inflammatory, vasoconstrictor and antibacterial effects
Children under 2.5 years of age are not prescribed the drug, from 2.5 to 15 years - therapy is carried out with caution with strict adherence to the dosage regimen. The average duration of use is 5-10 days.
Other sprays for the treatment of sinusitis
Sprays for the treatment of sinusitis presented on the pharmaceutical market have a different mechanism of action, the duration of the effect, a list of contraindications. In the absence of a doctor's prescription, in order to determine the choice among the many names, you can focus on patient reviews on the price-effectiveness-tolerance ratio.
Vasoconstrictor sprays
Decongestants, or vasoconstrictor drugs, are α-adrenergic receptor stimulants that help reduce swelling of the nasal mucosa. Also, their action is aimed at suppressing the secretion of mucus. Decongestants provide drainage of the sinuses, restoring nasal breathing. Oxymetazoline-based drugs are often prescribed - Noxprey, Nazivin, Nazosprey, Nazol, Afrin, and xylometazoline - Galazolin, Dlyanos, Xymelin, Otrivin.
In the treatment of sinusitis, vasoconstrictor sprays are used
The duration of the course of use of these drugs is limited, since decongestants are addictive. Long-term therapy leads to thinning of the nasal mucosa, which increases susceptibility to ARVI (acute respiratory viral infections).
Glucocorticoids
The most commonly used sprays for the treatment of sinusitis include Nasonex, Avamis, Fliksonase. These are drugs based on fluticasone, a synthetic glucocorticosteroid that has anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects.
Drugs from this group stop edema and eliminate hyperemia. Sinus drainage is provided by reducing swelling.
Antihistamines and combined agents
Rinofluimucil is a combination spray against sinusitis. It includes:
- acetylcysteine: the action is aimed at thinning mucous and purulent-mucous secretions; also has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties;
- Tuaminoheptane: a sympathomimetic with a mild vasoconstrictor effect; the substance does not cause excessive dryness of the mucous membrane and minimizes the likelihood of medication rhinitis.
Rinofluimucil is a combined agent with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and mild vasoconstrictor effect
The main advantage of the drug is the ability to provide a therapeutic effect on the surface of the mucous membrane, to thin and reduce the viscosity of mucus, to provide a productive physiological cleansing of the paranasal sinuses.
Allergodil spray has a high efficiency. Its active substance, azelastine, is a blocker of H 1 -histamine receptors. The drug should be used for allergic etiology of the disease.
The combined agent Vibrocil has a vasoconstrictor and antiallergic effect. Its effect is due to the properties of the active ingredients:
- phenylephrine: is a sympathomimetic with a moderate vasoconstrictor effect; helps to eliminate edema of the nasal mucosa and its paranasal sinuses;
- dimetindene: antiallergic drug (antagonist of histamine H 1 receptors); the activity of the ciliated epithelium of the nasal mucosa does not decrease.
Herbal preparations
One of the best sprays for the treatment of sinusitis, according to reviews, is Sinuforte, a drug based on cyclamen root. The active substance acts on the sensitive receptors of the trigeminal nerve in the region of the middle nasal passage, which leads to reflex secretion in the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. This improves the rheological properties of the secretion and normalizes its viscosity.
Sinuforte is considered one of the best and safest herbal medicines
Reflex hypersecretion in combination with anti-edematous action facilitates the evacuation of secretions from the sinuses into the nasopharynx.
The recommended duration of therapy is 6–8 or 12–16 days (when applied daily or every other day, respectively).
Sprays based on sea salt (water)
The seawater sprays safely cleanse the nasal passages, restore breathing and destroy pathogens.
Sprays containing sea water effectively moisturize the nasal mucosa and practically do not lead to the development of side effects
The use of this group of drugs allows you to achieve the following goals:
- normalization of the secretion of nasal mucus, which is provided by the stimulation of the goblet cells;
- restoration and maintenance of the physiological state, as well as moisturizing the mucous membrane of the nasopharynx;
- increasing the resistance of the epithelium to the effects of pathogenic microorganisms;
- acceleration of regeneration of damaged areas of the nasal mucosa;
- liquefaction of viscous mucus and removal of stagnant secretions.
Most of the products on the pharmaceutical market contain ocean or sea water. These include: Marimer, Aqua Maris, Morenazal, Physiomer and others. They practically have no contraindications and do not lead to the development of adverse reactions.
Video
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Anna Kozlova Medical journalist About the author
Education: Rostov State Medical University, specialty "General Medicine".
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