Benzylpenicillin
Benzylpenicillin: instructions for use and reviews
- 1. Release form and composition
- 2. Pharmacological properties
- 3. Indications for use
- 4. Contraindications
- 5. Method of application and dosage
- 6. Side effects
- 7. Overdose
- 8. Special instructions
- 9. With impaired renal function
- 10. Drug interactions
- 11. Analogs
- 12. Terms and conditions of storage
- 13. Terms of dispensing from pharmacies
- 14. Reviews
- 15. Price in pharmacies
Latin name: Benzylpenicillin
ATX code: J01CE01
Active ingredient: benzylpenicillin (benzylpenicillin)
Producer: JSC "Biosintez", JSC "Biochemist", JSC "Kraspharma" (Russia), "Kievmedpreparat" (Ukraine), Mapichem (Switzerland)
Description and photo update: 2019-13-08
Benzylpenicillin is an antibacterial drug of the penicillin group.
Release form and composition
Benzylpenicillin is produced in the form of a powder for the preparation of a solution for injection (in 10 ml vials).
1 bottle contains benzylpenicillin sodium salt of 500 thousand IU and 1 million IU.
Pharmacological properties
Pharmacodynamics
Benzylpenicillin is an antibiotic belonging to the group of biosynthetic penicillins. It is active against gram-positive microorganisms (Streptococcus spp., Including Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus spp. Strains that do not produce penicillinase), Actinomyces spp., Corynebacterium diphtheria, anthrax rods, anaerobic spp. Spore-forming. cocci (Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitidis). Staphylococcus strains that produce penicillinase are resistant to the action of benzylpenicillin, since this enzyme promotes the destruction of benzylpenicillin molecules.
The drug does not demonstrate pharmacological activity against most protozoa, gram-negative bacteria, viruses, rickettsia (Rickettsia spp.).
Pharmacokinetics
When administered parenterally, benzylpenicillin is well absorbed, does not have a cumulative effect, and is rapidly excreted from the body through the kidneys.
When administered intramuscularly, the maximum content of the substance in the blood is recorded after 30-60 minutes, and after 3-4 hours only traces of benzylpenicillin are found in the blood.
The range of concentrations and duration of circulation of benzylpenicillin in the blood are determined by the size of the administered dose. The drug penetrates well into body fluids and tissues: it is normally present in cerebrospinal fluid in clinically insignificant amounts. Inflammation of the meningeal membranes leads to an increase in the concentration of benzylpenicillin in the cerebrospinal fluid.
Indications for use
- Severe generalized infections (meningitis, septicemia, disseminated gonococcal infection);
- Respiratory tract infections (pneumonia) and skin (erysipelas);
- Congenital syphilis;
- Streptococcal endocarditis;
- Tetanus;
- Abscesses;
- Lymphadenitis and lymphangitis;
- Anthrax;
- Osteomyelitis;
- Gas gangrene.
Contraindications
According to the instructions, Benzylpenicillin is contraindicated in hypersensitivity to penicillins.
The drug is prescribed with caution to lactating and pregnant women.
Instructions for the use of Benzylpenicillin: method and dosage
Benzylpenicillin dosage is determined by the type and severity of the infection.
Indicative recommended doses:
- Adults: 1800-3600 mg (3-6 million IU) per day, divided into 4-6 doses. In severe infections (septicemia, meningitis), the dosage is calculated based on weight - up to 200-300 mg / kg (330-500 thousand IU / kg) per day. In this case, therapy should be started with a slow intravenous injection or with a rapid infusion using 5% glucose as a diluent;
- Children: at the rate of 30-90 mg / kg (50-150 thousand IU / kg) per day in 4-6 doses. In severe infections, the dosage may be increased to 300 mg / kg (500 thousand IU / kg).
Benzylpenicillin can also be used intramuscularly, diluting the drug immediately before use, since its activity in infusion solutions rapidly decreases. The duration of therapy is determined by the indications and the clinical picture.
Recommended dosages for individual diseases are:
- Septicemia and meningitis caused by meningococci: for at least 5 days as a slow intravenous injection or infusion of 180-240 mg / kg (300-400 thousand IU / kg) per day in 4-6 doses;
- Septicemia and meningitis caused by pneumococci: for at least 10 days as a slow intravenous injection or infusion of 240-300 mg / kg (400-500 thousand IU / kg) per day in 4-6 doses;
- Infections caused by Clostridia: for 7 days as an addition to antitoxin therapy, 9,000-12,000 mg (15-20 million IU) per day for adults and 180 mg / kg (300,000 IU / kg) for children;
- Streptococcal endocarditis: for 14-28 days, 6,000-12,000 mg (10-20 million IU) per day for adults and 180 mg / kg (300 thousand IU / kg) for children;
- Congenital syphilis: in 2 doses for 14 days intramuscularly or intravenously at 30 mg / kg (50 thousand IU / kg) per day.
Side effects
When using Benzylpenicillin, allergic reactions may occur, manifested as:
- Interstitial nephritis, rash on mucous membranes, angioedema, urticaria, hyperthermia, skin rash, arthralgia, eosinophilia, bronchospasm (often);
- Anaphylactic shock (rare)
At the beginning of the course of therapy (especially congenital syphilis), benzylpenicillin can cause fever, chills, exacerbation of the disease, increased sweating, and Jarisch-Herxheimer reactions.
From local reactions, the development of pain and induration at the site of intramuscular injection is most likely.
With prolonged use of Benzylpenicillin, dysbiosis and the development of superinfection may occur.
Overdose
It is possible to suspect an overdose of Benzylpenicillin by symptoms such as seizures and impaired consciousness. In this case, the drug is immediately canceled and symptomatic therapy is prescribed.
special instructions
In cases where after 2-3 days (maximum - 5 days) after the start of the use of Benzylpenicillin, the effect is not observed, it is necessary to switch to the use of other antibiotic agents or to combination therapy.
Due to the existing risk of developing fungal infections during drug therapy, if necessary, the doctor prescribes antifungal drugs.
To avoid the emergence of resistant strains of pathogens, you should avoid using insufficient doses of the drug or stopping treatment too early.
Influence on the ability to drive vehicles and complex mechanisms
During the introduction of benzylpenicillin, it is recommended to be careful when driving vehicles and moving machinery, when performing potentially hazardous types of work that require increased concentration and concentration.
With impaired renal function
In patients with renal dysfunction, the drug is used with caution.
Drug interactions
Probenecid inhibits the tubular secretion of benzylpenicillin, thereby increasing the level of the latter in the blood plasma and increasing the half-life.
When combined with antibiotics with bacteriostatic action (tetracycline, macrolides, lincosamides, chloramphenicol), the bactericidal effect of benzylpenicillin decreases.
The drug enhances the effectiveness of indirect anticoagulants by reducing the prothrombin index and suppression of intestinal microflora and makes the use of ethinylestradiol less effective (the risk of "breakthrough" bleeding), drugs in which the end product of metabolism is para-aminobenzoic acid, and oral contraceptives.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, diuretics, phenylbutazone, tubular secretion blockers, allopurinol suppress tubular secretion, thereby increasing the concentration of benzylpenicillin when used together.
The combination of the drug with allopurinol increases the risk of allergic reactions (skin rashes). The combination of benzylpenicillin and bactericidal antibiotics (including aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, rifampicin, vancomycin) has a synergistic effect.
Analogs
By the mechanism of action, benzylpenicillin analogues are: Benzatinbenzylpenicillin, Benzicillin-1 (-3, -5), Bicillin-1 (-3, -5), Moldamin, Ospen 750, Retarpen, Star-Pen, Phenoxymethylpenicillin.
Terms and conditions of storage
Shelf life - 4 years at temperatures up to 30 ° C. The shelf life of the solution for injection prepared from the powder is 24 hours (in the refrigerator - 72 hours), the solution for infusion is 12 hours (in the refrigerator - 24 hours).
Terms of dispensing from pharmacies
Dispensed by prescription.
Reviews of Benzylpenicillin
At the moment, there are few reviews of Benzylpenicillin. Patients claim that it is good for rhinitis (eliminates mucosal edema), gumboil and barley. However, there are reports of adverse reactions to the drug, such as allergies or diarrhea, and some patients find it difficult to tolerate its smell. It is also advised not to use Benzylpenicillin to treat acne due to the high risk of skin rashes.
Price for Benzylpenicillin in pharmacies
The approximate price for Benzylpenicillin is about 6-7 rubles (for 1 bottle) or 272-318 rubles (for a package of 50 bottles).
Maria Kulkes Medical journalist About the author
Education: First Moscow State Medical University named after I. M. Sechenov, specialty "General Medicine".
Information about the drug is generalized, provided for informational purposes only and does not replace the official instructions. Self-medication is hazardous to health!
