Infectious Toxic Shock - Symptoms, Treatment, Forms, Stages, Diagnosis

2024 Author: Rachel Wainwright | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-15 07:39

Infectious toxic shock

The content of the article:

1. Causes and risk factors
2. Forms of the disease
3. Disease stages
4. Symptoms
5. Diagnostics
6. Treatment
7. Possible complications and consequences
8. Forecast
9. Prevention

Infectious toxic shock is a generalized reaction of the body to massive penetration of infectious agents and their toxins into the bloodstream. The condition belongs to the category of emergency situations. The entrance gate of infection can be the intestinal mucosa, lungs, urinary tract, bile ducts, etc.

Infectious toxic shock - a condition requiring emergency care

Causes and risk factors

Most often, an infectious-toxic shock occurs against the background of advanced infectious processes. In most cases, the causative agents are gram-negative microorganisms. Also, the pathological process can occur with fungal or viral damage to the body.

Factors capable of provoking the development of infectious toxic shock:

• postoperative inflammatory processes;
• immunodeficiency states;
• sepsis in the postpartum period;
• wounds, burns;
• injection drug addiction;
• infectious diseases (both acute and chronic).

Infectious diseases can lead to infectious toxic shock

Forms of the disease

Infectious toxic shock is of two types:

• reversible (early, late and persistent);
• irreversible.

Disease stages

Depending on the severity of clinical manifestations, there are 3 stages of pathology:

1. Compensated.
2. Subcompensated.
3. Decompensated.

Symptoms

The clinical picture of infectious toxic shock is characterized by:

• high fever (up to 40-41 ° C);
• convulsions;
• lowering blood pressure;
• tachycardia;
• nausea, vomiting;
• severe headache;
• chills;
• diffuse rash;
• hyperemia of the mucous membranes;
• renal failure;
• confusion of consciousness;
• coma.

At the stage of subcompensation, the body temperature returns to normal, the skin turns pale, the pressure decreases even more. Lethargy is noted, shortness of breath appears.

In the stage of decompensation, the patient is unconscious or in a precomatose state. Pulse threadlike, shallow breathing. Convulsions, cyanosis of the skin may be observed.

Diagnostics

In order to diagnose infectious toxic shock, carry out:

• determination of an infectious agent in blood samples;
• general blood analysis;
• blood chemistry;
• instrumental examination (ECG, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography, etc. - depending on individual indications).

Differential diagnosis is required with hypoglycemic coma, severe forms of typhus and typhoid fever, anaphylactic and hemorrhagic shock.

Treatment

Emergency medical care for the development of infectious-toxic shock means:

• infusion therapy;
• vein and bladder catheterization;
• introduction of one of the crystalloid solutions;
• oxygen therapy;
• monitoring blood pressure, body temperature, heart rate and respiratory rate.

With infectious toxic shock, infusion therapy is indicated

The patient is transported as quickly and gently as possible. Only patients with an early stage of infectious-toxic shock are transportable. With the onset of clinical death, the whole complex of resuscitation measures is carried out.

Treatment of infectious toxic shock is complex. The choice of drugs for drug therapy depends on the type of pathogen that caused the development of the pathological process. In some cases, plasmapheresis and hemosorption are performed. Shown are infusion therapy, oxygen therapy, the appointment of fortifying drugs, immunomodulators. Cancellation of crystalloid solutions is possible only after the normalization of blood pressure indicators. Therapeutic measures are carried out even at the terminal stage of infectious-toxic shock. Artificial nutritional support is provided in the form of enteral (tube) or parenteral (intravenous) nutrition.

Possible complications and consequences

Complications of infectious toxic shock can be:

• encephalopathy;
• swelling of the brain;
• metabolic acidosis;
• rhabdomyolysis;
• renal failure;
• liver failure;
• disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome (disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome).

Forecast

With timely adequate treatment, the prognosis is favorable. Ability to work is usually restored after 2-3 weeks from the start of treatment. At the subcompensated and decompensated stages, there is a high probability of death due to dysfunction of most internal organs. With the development of DIC syndrome, there is a high mortality rate of patients.

Prevention

In order to prevent the development of infectious toxic shock, it is recommended:

• general strengthening measures;
• timely treatment of infectious diseases;
• treatment with antiseptic drugs of damage in violation of the integrity of the skin.

In addition, women should not use hygienic tampons or barrier contraception for three months after giving birth.

Anna Aksenova Medical journalist About the author

Education: 2004-2007 "First Kiev Medical College" specialty "Laboratory Diagnostics".

The information is generalized and provided for informational purposes only. At the first sign of illness, see your doctor. Self-medication is hazardous to health!