How color blind people see the world: 4 types of color blindness
Each person perceives the world around him in his own way, which is largely due to differences in the functioning of the sense organs. One of the striking examples of this diversity is color blindness, or color blindness.
Color blindness affects about 8% of men and 0.5% of women. There is a misconception that all these people are completely color blind. In fact, in the overwhelming majority of color blind people, color perception defects do not appear so radically. However, color blindness is a deviation from the norm that can negatively affect the quality of life.
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Deuteranomaly
Of all color disorders, deuteranomaly is the most common. People suffering from it see all colors, but muted and dull. The shades of red are most distorted with deuteranomaly: they look orange or brown.
Protanopia
Protanopia is expressed as normal vision of yellow when perceived as bright greens, crimson and pink as shades of gray. Instead of red, orange and light green colors, people with protanopia see the richest range of shades of khaki, marsh and mustard. For example, the signals of a regular traffic light are perceived by them as mustard, yellow and grayish.
Tritanopia
With tritanopia, color perception is distorted even more. With this deviation, a person sees yellow as very pale (like a shade of ivory), orange, red and crimson as pink colors of varying intensity, and green and blue tones are perceived as shades of blue. The traffic light for the patient with tritanopia is lit in dark pink, light pink and blue colors.
Complete color blindness (achromatopsia)
With achromatopsia, the world is perceived in black, white and gray tones. This deviation affects 1 person in 10,000.
There are no clear boundaries between the main forms of color blindness. There are many intermediate options with deviations of varying severity.
In most cases, color vision disorders are the result of chromosomal mutations. The gene responsible for the state of the corresponding structures of the eye is recessive and is located on one of the X chromosomes. Therefore, men suffer from color blindness much more often than women: they do not have a gene that suppresses the manifestation of violations.
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Sometimes acquired color blindness occurs. The cause of its development can be malignant neoplasms of the brain, injuries affecting the visual apparatus, age-related changes, cerebrovascular accidents (stroke), severe forms of diabetes mellitus and taking certain medications. In some cases, these conditions are treatable.
The decline in the quality of life associated with color blindness is assessed rather as social. So, people suffering from complete color blindness are not allowed to have a driver's license, engage in certain types of production activities, or serve in law enforcement agencies.
Modern medicine does not know how to prevent the appearance of congenital color blindness and treat such deviations. Recently, however, people with partial color blindness have had good prospects associated with the invention of special corrective glasses. The multi-layer lenses in them are made of neodymium glass, which can compensate for the reduced perception of red and green colors. In some countries, research is being carried out on the possibilities of genetic engineering to correct chromosomal defects that determine the development of color blindness. Perhaps gene therapy for color blindness is a matter of the near future.
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Maria Kulkes Medical journalist About the author
Education: First Moscow State Medical University named after I. M. Sechenov, specialty "General Medicine".
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