Diet For Hypertension 1, 2 And 3 Degrees: Menu For A Week

2024 Author: Rachel Wainwright | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-15 07:39

Diet for hypertension: nutritional rules, recommendations, menu examples

The content of the article:

Basic dietary rules for hypertension
Menu for a week of diet for hypertension 2 degrees
Diet for hypertension with overweight
Video

Diet for hypertension plays an important role in the complex treatment of the disease. The correct approach to food management helps to lower blood pressure and improve the general health of patients.

Hypertension in almost all cases is combined with one or more of the following diseases:

atherosclerosis;
cardiac ischemia;
obesity;
diabetes;
metabolic syndrome;
arrhythmia;
impaired renal function.

With hypertension of 1 degree, drug treatment is usually not carried out. In most cases, a correct diet, normalization of the daily regimen and regular moderate exercise can stabilize blood pressure levels and prevent further progression of the disease.

With hypertension, the diet must be observed constantly

With 2 and 3 degrees of hypertension, long-term (often lasting a lifetime) complex therapy is required, including taking antihypertensive drugs, spa treatment, physiotherapy, and a diet. This approach reduces the risk of hypertensive crises in patients - a sudden sharp increase in blood pressure that can cause myocardial infarction, cerebral stroke, retinal detachment and other complications.

Basic dietary rules for hypertension

When developing a diet for patients with hypertension, nutritionists take into account the patient's age, energy needs, the cause of the increase in blood pressure, the presence or absence of complications, and concomitant diseases.

However, there are some general rules that should be taken into account when organizing medical nutrition for patients with hypertension:

Limiting table salt. Salt (sodium chloride) is the main source of sodium ions, which contribute to fluid retention, edema and high blood pressure. An adult needs 3-4 g of sodium chloride per day, which is exactly what is found in food, so food should not be additionally salted. If the salt-free diet is difficult for the patient, then to improve the taste of dishes, you can use spicy herbs (basil, parsley, dill, coriander), lemon juice, pomegranate sauce.
Exclusion from the diet of alcohol, as well as foods and drinks containing caffeine (strong tea, coffee, cocoa, chocolate). Caffeine and alcohol cause severe spasm of blood vessels, which leads to an increase in peripheral vascular resistance and an increase in blood pressure.
Limiting animal fats. In the diet of people suffering from arterial hypertension, the content of animal fats (ghee and butter, sausages, lard, fatty cheeses), which are the main source of cholesterol, should be significantly reduced. Dishes should preferably be steamed, boiled, stewed and baked. If necessary (for example, for salad dressing) use cold-pressed vegetable oil. Such a cholesterol diet improves lipid metabolism, slows down the progression of atherosclerosis.
Restriction of easily digestible carbohydrates. A large amount of carbohydrates, and especially the so-called lungs (sugar, honey, sweets, baked goods), contribute to weight gain, which, in turn, causes an increase in blood pressure. Therefore, if the patient has a tendency to gain weight or suffers from obesity, diabetes mellitus, a nutritionist may advise the low-carb Atkins diet (it has a number of contraindications, so you should not make a decision on its own).
Adequate amount of plant fiber. In the diet of patients with hypertension, vegetables and bran should be included daily. These foods are rich in fiber, which absorbs water in the gastrointestinal tract and swells, creating a feeling of fullness and improving intestinal motility. It is also important that fiber reduces the absorption of fats from the intestine, thereby lowering the concentration of cholesterol in the blood.
Inclusion in the menu of foods rich in potassium and magnesium. These trace elements are necessary for the normal functioning of the cardiovascular system, heart rate. They are found in large quantities in sea fish and seafood, beets, carrots, dried apricots, cabbage, cereals.
Eating small meals frequently. To prevent a possible increase in blood pressure, patients with hypertension are recommended to eat 5-6 times a day, and drink a glass of natural yogurt or kefir at night. It should be remembered that any strict mono-diet (protein, rice) or fasting is contraindicated in patients with hypertension.

Most often, people with hypertension are prescribed diet number 10 (table number 10 according to Pevzner), which takes into account all the above principles of organizing therapeutic nutrition for this pathology.

Menu for a week of diet for hypertension 2 degrees

A sample menu for a week looks like this.

Monday:

breakfast - oatmeal in milk with dried fruits, a glass of rosehip infusion;
second breakfast - a green apple;
lunch - vegetable soup, steamed meatballs, compote;
afternoon snack - cottage cheese and carrot casserole;
dinner - stewed vegetables and a slice of boiled fish, a glass of jelly;
for the night - a glass of kefir.

Tuesday:

breakfast - cottage cheese, herbal tea;
second breakfast - orange;
lunch - fish soup, stewed turkey;
afternoon tea - fruit jelly;
dinner - vegetable salad, steam dumplings;
for the night - a glass of kefir.

Wednesday:

breakfast - buckwheat porridge without butter with milk, jelly;
second breakfast - a glass of natural yogurt with crisps;
lunch - salad of fresh vegetables, fish soup;
afternoon tea - green apple;
dinner - vegetable soup, fruit juice;
for the night - a glass of kefir.

Thursday:

breakfast - a glass of kefir, bread, baked quince;
second breakfast - a handful of raisins or fresh berries;
lunch - steamed meatballs, beet salad;
afternoon tea - cottage cheese;
dinner - vegetable salad, pilaf with chicken;
for the night - a glass of kefir.

Friday:

breakfast - milk rice porridge without oil, rosehip infusion;
second breakfast - fruit salad flavored with yogurt;
lunch - vegetable soup with meat, vegetable cuts;
afternoon tea - banana or apple;
dinner - steamed fish with stewed vegetables, compote;
for the night - a glass of kefir.

Saturday:

breakfast - curd mass with dried fruits, weak tea;
second breakfast - grapefruit;
lunch - vegetarian borscht, steamed meatballs;
afternoon tea - fruit salad;
dinner - stewed cabbage without oil, steam fish;
for the night - a glass of kefir.

Sunday:

breakfast - oatmeal in milk with dried fruits, a glass of rosehip infusion;
second breakfast - strawberry smoothie;
lunch - fresh vegetable salad, boiled turkey;
afternoon tea - a handful of dried apricots or prunes;
dinner - boiled veal, vegetable stew;
for the night - a glass of kefir.

During the day, consumption of no more than 200-250 g of bread is allowed, and it is advisable to give preference to special types of bread (whole grain, salt-free, diabetic, bran).

Against the background of complex treatment of hypertension, the condition of patients usually quickly stabilizes. However, self-termination of taking medications prescribed by a doctor, a violation of the diet, physical inactivity can cause a sharp increase in blood pressure, that is, the development of a hypertensive crisis.

Diet for hypertension with overweight

It has already been mentioned above that hypertension is often observed in overweight patients. It is known that each kilogram of excess body weight increases the level of blood pressure by 1-3 mm Hg. Art. At the same time, normalization of weight contributes to the normalization of blood pressure.

When hypertension and overweight are combined, nutritionists recommend the DASH diet. It does not imply any significant dietary restrictions and therefore is usually easily tolerated by patients. Only excluded from the diet:

alcohol;
coffee;
confectionery;
rich pastries;
sweet carbonated drinks;
semi-finished products;
smoked meats;
fatty meats.

Daily diet includes:

nuts;
cereals;
vegetables;
fruit;
milk products;
legumes.

Several times a week, the menu can include steamed, oven-baked or stewed lean meat dishes (preferably without adding oil). Serving weight should not exceed 100-110 g.

Practice shows that the DASH diet is quite effective against intracranial hypertension. If it is observed, the frequency and intensity of headache attacks are significantly reduced in patients.

A diet aimed at weight loss helps to normalize blood pressure, but it should not be extreme

So what do DASH patients eat? Sample menu for the day:

breakfast - oat milk porridge with dried apricots and prunes, rosehip infusion;
second breakfast - fruit jelly;
lunch - salad of fresh vegetables, fish soup, steamed chicken cutlet, a slice of rye bread, compote;
afternoon tea - fruit salad;
dinner - lean meat with vegetables, baked in a sleeve or cooked in a slow cooker without oil;
at night - natural yogurt without additives.

Diets with a significant restriction of calories are categorically contraindicated in patients with hypertension. They have many names, such as 800 Calorie Diet, 5 Day Diet, and others. Due to the low calorie content, such food systems allow you to lose several kilograms of weight in 3-7 days, but they cannot be called physiological. The body is stressed by malnutrition, which results in high blood pressure and changes in metabolic rate. Therefore, after such diets, the lost kilograms return very quickly, and often the weight becomes even more than before the start of the diet.

The diet for hypertensive patients should not be extreme also because it is not temporary, but becomes a way of life, since the risk of high blood pressure is always present in them.