Hypotension - Glossary Of Medical Terms

2024 Author: Rachel Wainwright | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-15 07:39

Hypotension

Hypotension (hypotensio; Greek hypo- - under, lowering + Latin tensio - tension; synonym: hypotension - not recommended) - decreased hydrostatic pressure in hollow organs, vessels or body cavities.

Types of hypotension:

• arterial (arterialis) - low blood pressure;
• venous (venosa) - marked in the veins, caused by a decrease in the tone of the vein wall or arterial hypotension;
• intracranial (intracranialis) - localized in the cranial cavity, caused by reduced secretion of cerebrospinal fluid, its loss with liquorrhea, etc.;
• high fitness (synonym: sports hypotension) - arterial hypotension in well-trained athletes, which is a physiological mechanism for compensating for their inherent increased stroke volume of the heart;
• artificial (artificialis; synonyms: hypotension controlled, hypotension controlled) - arterial hypotension caused artificially, mainly with the help of ganglion blocking agents, for example, to reduce blood loss during surgery;
• constitutional (constitutionalis) - physiological hypotension, which is characteristic of certain constitutional types (for example, asthenic body type);
• cerebral (cerebralis) - reduced pressure of the interstitial fluid of the brain tissue;
• orthostatic (orthostatica; synonym: postural hypotension) - arterial hypotension that appears when the body moves from a horizontal position to a vertical one; it is noted, for example, in acute infectious diseases in the stage of convalescence;
• symptomatic (symptomatica; synonyms: hypotonic syndrome, secondary hypotension) - arterial hypotension, which appears against the background of chronic intoxication or certain diseases (for example, in chronic infectious diseases, hypothalamic lesions, diffuse myocardial lesions, tuberculosis, tonsillitis, pericarditis);
• toxic (toxica; synonym: Waldmann toxic hypotension) - symptomatic arterial hypotension resulting from the action of certain toxic substances (for example, carbon monoxide);
• physiological (physiologica) - arterial hypotension, which does not lead to any harmful consequences for the body, can be observed in practically healthy people after intense physical activity or during sleep.

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